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binaries	38.36 KB	-rw-r--r--
consts	10.77 KB	-rw-r--r--
data_upload	13.63 KB	-rw-r--r--
functions	157.68 KB	-rw-r--r--
helper_audit_dockerfile	7.82 KB	-rw-r--r--
helper_configure	3.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
helper_generate	7.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
helper_show	22.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
helper_system_remote_scan	3.54 KB	-rw-r--r--
helper_update	3.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
osdetection	37.98 KB	-rw-r--r--
parameters	16.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
profiles	26.89 KB	-rw-r--r--
report	16.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_accounting	25.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_authentication	84.03 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_banners	8.35 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_boot_services	54.51 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_containers	11.29 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_crypto	17.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_custom.template	6.78 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_databases	23.72 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_dns	3.39 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_file_integrity	21.41 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_file_permissions	3.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_filesystems	46.33 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_firewalls	29.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_hardening	7.01 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_homedirs	9.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_insecure_services	26.73 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_kernel	60.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_kernel_hardening	5.62 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_ldap	3.96 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_logging	31.25 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_mac_frameworks	14.53 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_mail_messaging	21.45 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_malware	18.44 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_memory_processes	7.17 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_nameservices	34.51 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_networking	40.67 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_php	27.48 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_ports_packages	78.76 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_printers_spoolers	13.85 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_scheduling	15.74 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_shells	13.37 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_snmp	4.32 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_squid	16.9 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_ssh	17.59 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_storage	3.74 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_storage_nfs	8.4 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_system_integrity	2.13 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_time	32.61 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_tooling	20.87 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_usb	21.04 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_virtualization	1.95 KB	-rw-r--r--
tests_webservers	30.9 KB	-rw-r--r--
tool_tips	2.16 KB	-rw-r--r--

Code Editor : tests_kernel

#!/bin/sh

#################################################################################
#
#   Lynis
# ------------------
#
# Copyright 2007-2013, Michael Boelen
# Copyright 2007-2021, CISOfy
#
# Website  : https://cisofy.com
# Blog     : http://linux-audit.com
# GitHub   : https://github.com/CISOfy/lynis
#
# Lynis comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are
# welcome to redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
# See LICENSE file for usage of this software.
#
#################################################################################
#
# Kernel
#
#################################################################################
#
    InsertSection "${SECTION_KERNEL}"
#
#################################################################################
#
    CPU_PAE=0
    CPU_NX=0
    LINUXCONFIGFILE=""
    LINUXCONFIGFILE_ZIPPED=0
    LIMITS_DIRECTORY="${ROOTDIR}etc/security/limits.d"
    APT_ARCHIVE_DIRECTORY="${ROOTDIR}var/cache/apt/archives"
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5622
    # Description : Check default run level on Linux machines
    Register --test-no KRNL-5622 --os Linux --weight L --network NO --category security --description "Determine Linux default run level"
    if [ ${SKIPTEST} -eq 0 ]; then
        # Checking if we can find the systemd default target
        LogText "Test: Checking for systemd default.target"
        if [ -L ${ROOTDIR}etc/systemd/system/default.target ]; then
            LogText "Result: symlink found"
            if HasData "${READLINKBINARY}"; then
                FIND=$(${READLINKBINARY} ${ROOTDIR}etc/systemd/system/default.target)
                if ! HasData "${FIND}"; then
                    LogText "Exception: can't find the target of the symlink of /etc/systemd/system/default.target"
                    ReportException "${TEST_NO}:01"
                else
                    FIND2=$(${ECHOCMD} ${FIND} | ${EGREPBINARY} "runlevel5|graphical")
                    if HasData "${FIND2}"; then
                        LogText "Result: Found match on runlevel5/graphical"
                        Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking default runlevel" --result "runlevel 5" --color GREEN
                        Report "linux_default_runlevel=5"
                    else
                        LogText "Result: No match found on runlevel, defaulting to runlevel 3"
                        Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking default runlevel" --result "runlevel 3" --color GREEN
                        Report "linux_default_runlevel=3"
                    fi
                fi
            else
                LogText "Result: No readlink binary, can't determine where symlink is pointing to"
                Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking default run level" --result "${STATUS_UNKNOWN}" --color YELLOW
            fi
        else
            LogText "Result: no systemd found, so trying inittab"
            LogText "Test: Checking ${ROOTDIR}etc/inittab"
            if [ -f ${ROOTDIR}etc/inittab ]; then
                LogText "Result: file ${ROOTDIR}etc/inittab found"
                LogText "Test: Checking default Linux run level"
                FIND=$(${AWKBINARY} -F: '/^id/ { print $2; }' ${ROOTDIR}etc/inittab | head -n 1)
                if IsEmpty "${FIND}"; then
                    Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking default runlevel" --result "${STATUS_UNKNOWN}" --color YELLOW
                    LogText "Result: Can't determine default run level from ${ROOTDIR}etc/inittab"
                else
                    Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking default run level" --result "${FIND}" --color GREEN
                    LogText "Found default run level '${FIND}'"
                    Report "linux_default_runlevel=${FIND}"
                fi
            else
                LogText "Result: file ${ROOTDIR}etc/inittab not found"
                if [ "${LINUX_VERSION}" = "Debian" ] || [ "${LINUX_VERSION}" = "Ubuntu" ] || [ "${LINUX_VERSION_LIKE}" = "Debian" ] || [ "${LINUX_VERSION_LIKE}" = "Ubuntu" ]; then
                    LogText "Test: Checking run level with who -r, for Debian based systems"
                    FIND=$(who -r | ${AWKBINARY} '{ if ($1=="run-level") { print $2 } }')
                    if HasData "${FIND}"; then
                        LogText "Result: Found default run level '${FIND}'"
                        Report "linux_default_runlevel=${FIND}"
                        Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking default run level" --result "RUNLEVEL ${FIND}" --color GREEN
                    else
                        LogText "Result: Can't determine default run level from who -r"
                        Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking default run level" --result "${STATUS_UNKNOWN}" --color YELLOW
                    fi
                fi
            fi
        fi
    fi
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5677
    # Description : Check CPU options and support (PAE, No eXecute, eXecute Disable)
    # More info   : pae and nx bit are both visible on AMD and Intel CPU's if supported

Register --test-no KRNL-5677 --platform "x86_64 amd64" --os "Linux NetBSD" --weight L --network NO --category security --description "Check CPU options and support"
    if [ ${SKIPTEST} -eq 0 ]; then
        Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking CPU support (NX/PAE)"
        LogText "Test: Checking /proc/cpuinfo"
        if [ -f /proc/cpuinfo ]; then
            LogText "Result: found /proc/cpuinfo"
            LogText "Test: Checking CPU options (XD/NX/PAE)"
            FIND_PAE_NX=$(${GREPBINARY} " pae " /proc/cpuinfo | ${GREPBINARY} " nx ")
            FIND_PAE=$(${GREPBINARY} " pae " /proc/cpuinfo)
            FIND_NX=$(${GREPBINARY} " nx " /proc/cpuinfo)
            FOUND=0
            if HasData "${FIND_PAE_NX}"; then
                LogText "PAE: Yes"
                LogText "NX: Yes"
                CPU_PAE=1
                CPU_NX=1
                LogText "Result: PAE or No eXecute option(s) both found"
                Report "cpu_pae=1"
                Report "cpu_nx=1"
                FOUND=1
            else
                if HasData "${FIND_PAE}" && IsEmpty "${FIND_NX}"; then
                    Report "cpu_pae=1"
                    LogText "Result: found PAE"
                    CPU_PAE=1
                    FOUND=1
                else
                    if HasData "${FIND_NX}" && IsEmpty "${FIND_PAE}"; then
                        Report "cpu_nx=1"
                        LogText "Result: found No eXecute"
                        CPU_NX=1
                        FOUND=1
                    else
                        LogText "Result: found no CPU options enabled (PAE or NX bit)"
                    fi
                fi
            fi
            if [ ${FOUND} -eq 1 ]; then
                Display --indent 4 --text "CPU support: PAE and/or NoeXecute supported" --result "${STATUS_FOUND}" --color GREEN
            else
                Display --indent 4 --text "CPU support: No PAE or NoeXecute supported" --result "${STATUS_NONE}" --color YELLOW
                ReportSuggestion "${TEST_NO}" "Use a PAE enabled kernel when possible to gain native No eXecute/eXecute Disable support"
            fi
        else
            Display --indent 4 --text "CPU support: no /proc/cpuinfo" --result "${STATUS_SKIPPED}" --color YELLOW
            LogText "Result: /proc/cpuinfo not found"
        fi
    fi
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5680
    # Description : Check if installed kernel has PAE support
    # Dependency  : KRNL-5677
    # More info   : RedHat/CentOS/Fedora uses the package name 'kernel-PAE'
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5695
    # Description : Determining Linux kernel version and release number
    Register --test-no KRNL-5695 --os Linux --weight L --network NO --category security --description "Determine Linux kernel version and release number"
    if [ ${SKIPTEST} -eq 0 ]; then
        # Kernel number (and suffix)
        LINUX_KERNEL_RELEASE=$(uname -r)
        Report "linux_kernel_release=${LINUX_KERNEL_RELEASE}"
        LogText "Result: found kernel release ${LINUX_KERNEL_RELEASE}"
        # Type and build date
        LINUX_KERNEL_VERSION=$(uname -v)
        Report "linux_kernel_version=${LINUX_KERNEL_VERSION}"
        LogText "Result: found kernel version ${LINUX_KERNEL_VERSION}"
        Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking kernel version and release" --result "${STATUS_DONE}" --color GREEN
    fi
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5723
    # Description : Check if Linux is build as a monolithic kernel or not
    Register --test-no KRNL-5723 --os Linux --weight L --network NO --category security --description "Determining if Linux kernel is monolithic"
    if [ ${SKIPTEST} -eq 0 ]; then
        if [ -n "${LSMODBINARY}" -a -f /proc/modules ]; then
            LogText "Test: checking if kernel is monolithic or modular"
            # Checking if any modules are loaded
            FIND=$(${LSMODBINARY} | ${GREPBINARY} -v "^Module" | wc -l | ${TRBINARY} -s ' ' | ${TRBINARY} -d ' ')
            Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking kernel type" --result "${STATUS_DONE}" --color GREEN
            if [ "${FIND}" = "0" ]; then
                LogText "Result: Found monolithic kernel"
                Report "linux_kernel_type=monolithic"
                MONOLITHIC_KERNEL=1
            else
                LogText "Result: Found modular kernel"
                Report "linux_kernel_type=modular"
                MONOLITHIC_KERNEL=0
            fi
        else
            LogText "Test skipped, lsmod binary not found or /proc/modules can not be opened"
        fi
    fi
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5726
    # Description : Checking Linux loaded kernel modules
    Register --test-no KRNL-5726 --os Linux --weight L --network NO --category security --description "Checking Linux loaded kernel modules"
    if [ ${SKIPTEST} -eq 0 ]; then
        if [ -n "${LSMODBINARY}" -a -f /proc/modules ]; then
            FIND=$(${LSMODBINARY} | ${AWKBINARY} '{ if ($1!="Module") print $1 }' | sort)
            Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking loaded kernel modules" --result "${STATUS_DONE}" --color GREEN
            if HasData "${FIND}"; then
                LogText "Loaded modules according lsmod:"
                COUNT=0
                for ITEM in ${FIND}; do
                    LogText "Loaded module: ${ITEM}"
                    Report "loaded_kernel_module[]=${ITEM}"
                    COUNT=$((COUNT + 1))
                done
                Display --indent 6 --text "Found ${COUNT} active modules"
            else
                LogText "Result: no loaded modules found"
                LogText "Notice: No loaded kernel modules could indicate a broken/malformed lsmod, or a (custom) monolithic kernel"
            fi
        else
            LogText "Test skipped, lsmod binary not found or /proc/modules can not be opened"
        fi
    fi
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5728
    # Description : Checking for available Linux kernel configuration file in /boot
    Register --test-no KRNL-5728 --os Linux --weight L --network NO --category security --description "Checking Linux kernel config"
    if [ ${SKIPTEST} -eq 0 ]; then
        CHECKFILE="${ROOTDIR}boot/config-$(uname -r)"
        CHECKFILE_ZIPPED="${ROOTDIR}proc/config.gz"
        if [ -f ${CHECKFILE} ]; then
            LINUXCONFIGFILE="${CHECKFILE}"
            LogText "Result: found config (${LINUXCONFIGFILE})"
            Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking Linux kernel configuration file" --result "${STATUS_FOUND}" --color GREEN
        elif [ -f ${CHECKFILE_ZIPPED} ]; then
            LINUXCONFIGFILE="${CHECKFILE_ZIPPED}"
            LINUXCONFIGFILE_ZIPPED=1
            LogText "Result: found config: ${ROOTDIR}proc/config.gz (compressed)"
            Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking Linux kernel configuration file" --result "${STATUS_FOUND}" --color GREEN
        else
            LogText "Result: no Linux kernel configuration file found in ${ROOTDIR}boot"
            Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking Linux kernel configuration file" --result "${STATUS_NOT_FOUND}" --color WHITE
        fi
        if HasData "${LINUXCONFIGFILE}"; then
            Report "linux_config_file=${LINUXCONFIGFILE}"
        fi
    fi
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5730
    # Description : Checking default I/O kernel scheduler
    # Notes       : This test could be extended with testing some of the specific devices like disks
    #               cat /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler
    PREQS_MET="NO"
    if HasData "${LINUXCONFIGFILE}"; then
        if [ -f ${LINUXCONFIGFILE} ]; then PREQS_MET="YES"; fi
    fi
    Register --test-no KRNL-5730 --os Linux --preqs-met ${PREQS_MET} --weight L --network NO --category security --description "Checking disk I/O kernel scheduler"
    if [ ${SKIPTEST} -eq 0 ]; then
        if [ ${LINUXCONFIGFILE_ZIPPED} -eq 1 ]; then GREPTOOL="${ZGREPBINARY}"; else GREPTOOL="${GREPBINARY}"; fi
        if [ -n "${GREPTOOL}" ]; then
            LogText "Test: Checking the default I/O kernel scheduler"
            LINUX_KERNEL_IOSCHED=$(${GREPTOOL} "CONFIG_DEFAULT_IOSCHED" ${LINUXCONFIGFILE} | ${AWKBINARY} -F= '{ print $2 }' | ${SEDBINARY} s/\"//g)
            if [ -n "${LINUX_KERNEL_IOSCHED}" ]; then
                LogText "Result: found IO scheduler '${LINUX_KERNEL_IOSCHED}'"
                Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking default I/O kernel scheduler" --result "${STATUS_FOUND}" --color GREEN
                Report "linux_kernel_io_scheduler[]=${LINUX_KERNEL_IOSCHED}"
            else
                LogText "Result: no default I/O kernel scheduler found"
                Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking default I/O kernel scheduler" --result "${STATUS_NOT_FOUND}" --color WHITE
            fi
        else
            ReportException "${TEST_NO}" "No valid ${GREPBINARY} tool found to search kernel settings"
        fi
   fi
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5745
    # Description : Checking FreeBSD loaded kernel modules
    Register --test-no KRNL-5745 --os FreeBSD --weight L --network NO --category security --description "Checking FreeBSD loaded kernel modules"
    if [ ${SKIPTEST} -eq 0 ]; then
        Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking active kernel modules"
        LogText "Test: Active kernel modules (KLDs)"
        LogText "Description: View all active kernel modules (including kernel)"
        LogText "Test: Checking modules"
        if [ -f /sbin/kldstat ]; then
            FIND=$(kldstat | ${GREPBINARY} -v 'Name' | ${TRBINARY} -s ' ' | ${CUTBINARY} -d ' ' -f6)
            if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
                LogText "Loaded modules according kldstat:"
                COUNT=0
                for ITEM in ${FIND}; do
                    LogText "Loaded module: ${ITEM}"
                    Report "loaded_kernel_module[]=${ITEM}"
                    COUNT=$((COUNT + 1))
                done
                Display --indent 4 --text "Found ${COUNT} kernel modules" --result "${STATUS_DONE}" --color GREEN
            else
                Display --indent 4 --text "Test failed" --result "${STATUS_WARNING}" --color RED
                LogText "Result: Problem with executing kldstat"
            fi
        else
            LogText "Result: no results, can't find /sbin/kldstat"
        fi
    fi
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5831
    # Description : Checking DragonFly loaded kernel modules
    Register --test-no KRNL-5831 --os DragonFly --weight L --network NO --category security --description "Checking DragonFly loaded kernel modules"
    if [ ${SKIPTEST} -eq 0 ]; then
        Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking active kernel modules"
        LogText "Test: Active kernel modules (KLDs)"
        LogText "Description: View all active kernel modules (including kernel)"
        LogText "Test: Checking modules"
        if [ -x /sbin/kldstat ]; then
            FIND=$(/sbin/kldstat | ${GREPBINARY} -v 'Name' | ${TRBINARY} -s ' ' | ${CUTBINARY} -d ' ' -f6)
            if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
                LogText "Loaded modules according kldstat:"
                COUNT=0
                for ITEM in ${FIND}; do
                    LogText "Loaded module: ${ITEM}"
                    Report "loaded_kernel_module[]=${ITEM}"
                    COUNT=$((COUNT + 1))
                done
                Display --indent 4 --text "Found ${COUNT} kernel modules" --result "${STATUS_DONE}" --color GREEN
            else
                Display --indent 4 --text "Test failed" --result "${STATUS_WARNING}" --color RED
                LogText "Result: Problem with executing kldstat"
            fi
        else
            echo "[ ${WHITE}SKIPPED${NORMAL} ]"
            LogText "Result: no results, can NOT find /sbin/kldstat"
        fi
    fi
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5770
    # Description : Checking Solaris load modules
    Register --test-no KRNL-5770 --os Solaris --weight L --network NO --category security --description "Checking active kernel modules"
    if [ ${SKIPTEST} -eq 0 ]; then
        LogText "Test: searching loaded kernel modules"
        FIND=$(/usr/sbin/modinfo -c -w | ${GREPBINARY} -v "UNLOADED" | ${GREPBINARY} LOADED | ${AWKBINARY} '{ print $3 }' | sort)
        if HasData "${FIND}"; then
            for ITEM in ${FIND}; do
                LogText "Found module: ${ITEM}"
                Report "loaded_kernel_module[]=${ITEM}"
            done
            Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking Solaris active kernel modules" --result "${STATUS_DONE}" --color GREEN
        else
            LogText "Result: no output"
            Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking Solaris active kernel modules" --result "${STATUS_UNKNOWN}" --color YELLOW
        fi
    fi
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5788
    # Description : Checking availability new kernel
    if [ "${LINUX_VERSION}" = "Debian" ] || [ "${LINUX_VERSION}" = "Ubuntu" ] || [ "${LINUX_VERSION_LIKE}" = "Debian" ] || [ "${LINUX_VERSION_LIKE}" = "Ubuntu" ]; then
        PREQS_MET="YES"
    else
        PREQS_MET="NO"
    fi
    Register --test-no KRNL-5788 --os Linux --preqs-met ${PREQS_MET} --weight L --network NO --category security --description "Checking availability new Linux kernel"
    if [ ${SKIPTEST} -eq 0 ]; then
        FINDKERNEL=""
        HAS_VMLINUZ=0
        LogText "Test: Searching apt-cache, to determine if a newer kernel is available"
        if [ -x ${ROOTDIR}usr/bin/apt-cache ]; then
            LogText "Result: found ${ROOTDIR}usr/bin/apt-cache"
            LogText "Test: checking presence of ${ROOTDIR}vmlinuz or ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz"
            if [ -f ${ROOTDIR}vmlinuz -o -f ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz ]; then
                HAS_VMLINUZ=1
                if [ -f ${ROOTDIR}vmlinuz ]; then
                    FINDVMLINUZ="${ROOTDIR}vmlinuz"
                else
                    FINDVMLINUZ="${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz"
                fi
                LogText "Result: found ${FINDVMLINUZ}"
                LogText "Test: checking readlink location of ${FINDVMLINUZ}"
                FINDKERNFILE=$(readlink -f ${FINDVMLINUZ})
                LogText "Output: readlink reported file ${FINDKERNFILE}"
                LogText "Test: checking relevant package using output from dpkg -S"
                FINDKERNEL=$(dpkg -S ${FINDKERNFILE} 2> /dev/null | ${AWKBINARY} -F : '{print $1}')
                LogText "Output: dpkg -S reported package ${FINDKERNEL}"
            elif [ -e ${ROOTDIR}dev/grsec ]; then
                FINDKERNEL="linux-image-$(uname -r)"
                LogText "Result: ${ROOTDIR}vmlinuz missing due to grsecurity; assuming ${FINDKERNEL}"
            elif [ -e ${ROOTDIR}etc/rpi-issue ]; then
                FINDKERNEL="raspberrypi-kernel"
                LogText "Result: ${ROOTDIR}vmlinuz missing due to Raspbian"
            elif $(${EGREPBINARY} -q 'do_symlinks.*=.*No' ${ROOTDIR}etc/kernel-img.conf); then
                FINDKERNEL="linux-image-$(uname -r)"
                LogText "Result: ${ROOTDIR}vmlinuz missing due to /etc/kernel-img.conf item do_symlinks = No"
            else
                LogText "This system is missing ${ROOTDIR}vmlinuz or ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz. Unable to check whether kernel is up-to-date."
                ReportSuggestion "${TEST_NO}" "Determine why ${ROOTDIR}vmlinuz or ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz is missing on this Debian/Ubuntu system." "/vmlinuz or /boot/vmlinuz"
            fi

if IsEmpty "${FINDKERNEL}"; then
                LogText "Result: could not check kernel update status as kernel is unknown"
            else
                LogText "Result: found kernel '${FINDKERNEL}' which will be used for further testing"
                LogText "Test: Using apt-cache policy to determine if there is an update available"
                FINDINSTALLED=$(apt-cache policy ${FINDKERNEL} | ${EGREPBINARY} 'Installed' | ${CUTBINARY} -d ':' -f2 | ${TRBINARY} -d ' ')
                FINDCANDIDATE=$(apt-cache policy ${FINDKERNEL} | ${EGREPBINARY} 'Candidate' | ${CUTBINARY} -d ':' -f2 | ${TRBINARY} -d ' ')
                LogText "Kernel installed: ${FINDINSTALLED}"
                LogText "Kernel candidate: ${FINDCANDIDATE}"
                if IsEmpty "${FINDINSTALLED}"; then
                    Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking for available kernel update" --result "${STATUS_UNKNOWN}" --color YELLOW
                    LogText "Result: Exception occurred, no output from apt-cache policy"
                    if [ ${HAS_VMLINUZ} -eq 1 ]; then
                        ReportException "${TEST_NO}:01" "Found vmlinuz (${FINDVMLINUZ}) but could not determine the installed kernel using apt-cache policy"
                        ReportSuggestion "${TEST_NO}" "Check the output of apt-cache policy to determine why its output is empty"
                    fi
                    LogText "Result: apt-cache policy did not return an installed kernel version"
                else
                    if [ "${FINDINSTALLED}" = "${FINDCANDIDATE}" ]; then
                        if [ -e /dev/grsec ]; then
                            Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking for available kernel update" --result GRSEC --color GREEN
                            LogText "Result: Grsecurity is installed; unable to determine if there's a newer kernel available"
                            ReportManual "Manually check to confirm you're using a recent kernel and grsecurity patch"
                        else
                            Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking for available kernel update" --result "${STATUS_OK}" --color GREEN
                            LogText "Result: no kernel update available"
                        fi
                    else
                        Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking for available kernel update" --result "UPDATE AVAILABLE" --color YELLOW
                        LogText "Result: kernel update available according 'apt-cache policy'."
                        ReportSuggestion "${TEST_NO}" "Determine priority for available kernel update"
                    fi
                fi
            fi
        else
            LogText "Result: could NOT find ${ROOTDIR}usr/bin/apt-cache, skipped other tests."
        fi
        unset FINDCANDIDATE FINDINSTALLED FINDKERNEL HAS_VMLINUZ
    fi
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5820
    # Description : Checking core dumps configuration (Linux)
    Register --test-no KRNL-5820 --os Linux --weight L --network NO --category security --description "Checking core dumps configuration"
    if [ ${SKIPTEST} -eq 0 ]; then
        Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking core dumps configuration"
        LogText "Test: Checking presence of systemd"
        # systemd option
        if [ $HAS_SYSTEMD -eq 1 ]; then
            LogText "Result: systemd is present on this system"
            LogText "Test: Checking if core dumps are disabled in ${ROOTDIR}etc/systemd/coredump.conf and ${ROOTDIR}etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/*.conf"
            # check likely main config file for systemd: ${ROOTDIR}etc/systemd/coredump.conf for ProcessSizeMax=0 and Storage=none
            SYSD_CORED_BASE_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_DISABLED=$(${GREPBINARY} -v "^ *#" ${ROOTDIR}etc/systemd/coredump.conf 2> /dev/null | ${SEDBINARY} 's/^ *//g' | ${GREPBINARY} -i "^ProcessSizeMax=" | ${CUTBINARY} -d'=' -f2 | ${SEDBINARY} 's/ .*$//g ; s/$[A-Z][a-z]*$*$//g' | ${GREPBINARY} "^0 *$" | ${WCBINARY} -l)
            SYSD_CORED_BASE_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_ENABLED=$(${GREPBINARY} -v "^ *#" ${ROOTDIR}etc/systemd/coredump.conf 2> /dev/null | ${SEDBINARY} 's/^ *//g' | ${GREPBINARY} -i "^ProcessSizeMax=" | ${CUTBINARY} -d'=' -f2 | ${SEDBINARY} 's/ .*$//g ; s/$[A-Z][a-z]*$*$//g' | ${GREPBINARY} -v "^0 *$" | ${WCBINARY} -l)
            SYSD_CORED_BASE_STORAGE_FOUND=$(${GREPBINARY} -v "^ *#" ${ROOTDIR}etc/systemd/coredump.conf 2> /dev/null | ${SEDBINARY} 's/^ *//g' | ${GREPBINARY} -i "^Storage=" | ${CUTBINARY} -d'=' -f2 | ${SEDBINARY} 's/ .*$//g')
            SYSD_CORED_BASE_STORAGE_NR_ENABLED=$(${ECHOCMD} "${SYSD_CORED_BASE_STORAGE_FOUND}" | ${SEDBINARY} 's/none//g' | ${WCBINARY} | ${AWKBINARY} '{print $2}')
            SYSD_CORED_BASE_STORAGE_NR_DISABLED=$(${ECHOCMD} "${SYSD_CORED_BASE_STORAGE_FOUND}" | ${GREPBINARY} -o "none" | ${WCBINARY} | ${AWKBINARY} '{print $2}')
            # check conf files in possibly existing coredump.conf.d folders 
            # using find instead of grep -r to stay POSIX compliant. On AIX and HPUX grep -r is not available.
            # while there could be multiple files overwriting each other, we are checking the number of occurrences
            SYSD_CORED_SUB_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_DISABLED=$(${FINDBINARY} -L /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/ /run/systemd/coredump.conf.d/ /usr/lib/systemd/coredump.conf.d/ -type f -iname "*.conf" -exec ${SEDBINARY} 's/^ *//g' {} \; 2> /dev/null | ${GREPBINARY} -i "^ProcessSizeMax=" | ${CUTBINARY} -d'=' -f2 | ${SEDBINARY} 's/ .*$//g ; s/$[A-Z][a-z]*$*$//g' | ${GREPBINARY} "^0 *$" | ${WCBINARY} -l)
            SYSD_CORED_SUB_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_ENABLED=$(${FINDBINARY} -L /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/ /run/systemd/coredump.conf.d/ /usr/lib/systemd/coredump.conf.d/ -type f -iname "*.conf" -exec ${SEDBINARY} 's/^ *//g' {} \; 2> /dev/null | ${GREPBINARY} -i "^ProcessSizeMax=" | ${CUTBINARY} -d'=' -f2 | ${SEDBINARY} 's/ .*$//g ; s/$[A-Z][a-z]*$*$//g' | ${GREPBINARY} -v "^0 *$" | ${WCBINARY} -l)
            SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_FOUND=$(${FINDBINARY} -L /etc/systemd/coredump.conf.d/ /run/systemd/coredump.conf.d/ /usr/lib/systemd/coredump.conf.d/ -type f -iname "*.conf" -exec ${SEDBINARY} 's/^ *//g' {} \; 2> /dev/null | ${GREPBINARY} -i "^Storage=" | ${CUTBINARY} -d'=' -f2 | ${SEDBINARY} 's/ .*$//g')
            SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_NR_ENABLED=$(${ECHOCMD} "${SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_FOUND}" | ${SEDBINARY} 's/none//g' | ${WCBINARY} | ${AWKBINARY} '{print $2}')
            SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_NR_DISABLED=$(${ECHOCMD} "${SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_FOUND}" | ${GREPBINARY} -o "none" | ${WCBINARY} | ${AWKBINARY} '{print $2}')
            if ( [ ${SYSD_CORED_BASE_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_DISABLED} -ge 1 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_BASE_STORAGE_NR_DISABLED} -ge 1 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_ENABLED} -eq 0 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_NR_ENABLED} -eq 0 ] ) || \
               ( [ ${SYSD_CORED_BASE_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_DISABLED} -ge 1 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_NR_DISABLED} -ge 1 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_ENABLED} -eq 0 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_NR_ENABLED} -eq 0 ] ) || \
               ( [ ${SYSD_CORED_BASE_STORAGE_NR_DISABLED} -ge 1 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_DISABLED} -ge 1 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_ENABLED} -eq 0 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_NR_ENABLED} -eq 0 ] ) || \
               ( [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_DISABLED} -ge 1 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_NR_DISABLED} -ge 1 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_ENABLED} -eq 0 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_NR_ENABLED} -eq 0 ] ); then
                LogText "Result: core dumps are disabled by 'ProcessSizeMax=0' and 'Storage=none' in systemd configuration files"
                AddHP 1 1
                TMP_COLOR="GREEN"
                if [ ${SYSD_CORED_BASE_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_DISABLED} -gt 1 ] || [ ${SYSD_CORED_BASE_STORAGE_NR_DISABLED} -gt 1 ] || [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_DISABLED} -gt 1 ] || [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_NR_DISABLED} -gt 1 ]; then
                    LogText "Result: 'ProcessSizeMax=0' and 'Storage=none' are set multiple times in systemd configuration files. Check config!"
                    ReportSuggestion "${TEST_NO}" "Check systemd configuration for duplicate entries of core dump settings"
                    TMP_COLOR="YELLOW"
                fi
                Display --indent 4 --text "- configuration in systemd conf files" --result "${STATUS_DISABLED}" --color "${TMP_COLOR}"
            elif [ ${SYSD_CORED_BASE_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_DISABLED} -ge 1 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_BASE_STORAGE_NR_DISABLED} -ge 1 ] && ( [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_ENABLED} -ge 1 ] || [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_NR_ENABLED} -ge 1 ] ); then
                LogText "Result: 'ProcessSizeMax=0' and 'Storage=none' are set in ${ROOTDIR}etc/systemd/coredump.conf but overwritten in subdir config files"
                ReportSuggestion "${TEST_NO}" "Check systemd configuration for overwriting core dump settings"
                Display --indent 4 --text "- configuration in systemd conf files" --result "${STATUS_ENABLED}" --color YELLOW
                AddHP 0 1
            elif ( [ ${SYSD_CORED_BASE_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_ENABLED} -ge 1 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_BASE_STORAGE_NR_ENABLED} -ge 1 ] ) || \
                 ( [ ${SYSD_CORED_BASE_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_ENABLED} -ge 1 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_NR_ENABLED} -ge 1 ] ) || \
                 ( [ ${SYSD_CORED_BASE_STORAGE_NR_ENABLED} -ge 1 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_ENABLED} -ge 1 ] ) || \
                 ( [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_PROCSIZEMAX_NR_ENABLED} -ge 1 ] && [ ${SYSD_CORED_SUB_STORAGE_NR_ENABLED} -ge 1 ] ); then
                LogText "Result: core dumps are explicitly enabled in systemd configuration files"
                ReportSuggestion "${TEST_NO}" "If not required, consider explicit disabling of core dump in ${ROOTDIR}etc/systemd/coredump.conf ('ProcessSizeMax=0', 'Storage=none')"
                Display --indent 4 --text "- configuration in systemd conf files" --result "${STATUS_ENABLED}" --color RED
                AddHP 0 1
            else
                LogText "Result: core dumps are not disabled in systemd configuration. Didn't find settings 'ProcessSizeMax=0' and 'Storage=none'"
                Display --indent 4 --text "- configuration in systemd conf files" --result "${STATUS_DEFAULT}" --color WHITE
                AddHP 0 1
            fi
        fi
        # Profile option
        LogText "Test: Checking presence ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile"
        if [ -f "${ROOTDIR}etc/profile" ]; then
            LogText "Test: Checking if 'ulimit -c 0' exists in ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile or ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile.d/*.sh"
            # use tail -1 in the following commands to get the last entry, which is the one that counts (in case of profile.d/ probably counts)
            ULIMIT_C_VALUE="$(${GREPBINARY} "ulimit -c " ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile 2> /dev/null | ${SEDBINARY} 's/^ *//g' | ${GREPBINARY} -v "^#" | ${TAILBINARY} -1 | ${CUTBINARY} -d' ' -f3 | ${SEDBINARY} 's/ .*$//g ; s/$[A-Z][a-z]*$*$//g')"
            ULIMIT_C_VALUE_SUB="$(${FINDBINARY} -L ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile.d -name "*.sh" -type f -exec ${CAT_BINARY} {} \; 2> /dev/null | ${GREPBINARY} "ulimit -c " | ${SEDBINARY} 's/^ *//g' | ${GREPBINARY} -v "^#" | ${TAILBINARY} -1 | ${CUTBINARY} -d' ' -f3 | ${SEDBINARY} 's/ .*$//g ; s/$[A-Z][a-z]*$*$//g')"
            if ( [ -n "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE_SUB}" ] && [ "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE_SUB}" = "0" ] ) || ( [ -n "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE}" ] && [ -z "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE_SUB}" ] && [ "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE}" = "0" ] ); then
                LogText "Result: core dumps are disabled by 'ulimit -c 0' in ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile or ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile.d/*.sh"
                Display --indent 4 --text "- configuration in etc/profile" --result "${STATUS_DISABLED}" --color GREEN
                AddHP 1 1
            elif [ -z "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE_SUB}" ] && [ -z "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE}" ]; then
                LogText "Result: core dumps are not disabled in ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile or ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile.d/*.sh config files. Didn't find setting 'ulimit -c 0'"
                Display --indent 4 --text "- configuration in ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile" --result "${STATUS_DEFAULT}" --color WHITE
                AddHP 0 1
            elif ( [ -n "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE_SUB}" ] && ( [ "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE_SUB}" = "unlimited" ] || [ "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE_SUB}" != "0" ] ) ) || ( [ -n "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE}" ] && [ -z "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE_SUB}" ] && ( [ "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE}" = "unlimited" ] || [ "${ULIMIT_C_VALUE}" != "0" ] ) ); then
                LogText "Result: core dumps are enabled in ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile or ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile.d/*.sh config files. A value higher than 0 is configured for 'ulimit -c'"
                Display --indent 4 --text "- configuration in ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile" --result "${STATUS_ENABLED}" --color RED
                AddHP 0 1
            else
                LogText "Result: ERROR - something went wrong. Unexpected result during check of ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile and ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile.d/*.sh config files. Please report on Github!"
                Display --indent 4 --text "- configuration in ${ROOTDIR}etc/profile" --result "${STATUS_ERROR}" --color YELLOW
            fi
        fi
        
        # Limits options
        for DIR in "/" "/usr/"; do
            LogText "Test: Checking presence ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf"
            if [ -f "${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" ]; then
                LogText "Result: file ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf exists"
                LogText "Test: Checking if core dumps are disabled in ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf and ${LIMITS_DIRECTORY}/*"
                # using find instead of grep -r to stay POSIX compliant. On AIX and HPUX grep -r is not available.
                FIND1=$(${FINDBINARY} -L "${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" "${LIMITS_DIRECTORY}" -type f -exec ${CAT_BINARY} {} \; 2> /dev/null | ${GREPBINARY} -v "^$" | ${AWKBINARY} '{ if ($1=="*" && $2=="soft" && $3=="core" && $4=="0") { print "soft core disabled" } else if ($1=="*" && $2=="soft" && $3=="core" && $4!="0") { print "soft core enabled" } }' | ${TAILBINARY} -1)
                FIND2=$(${FINDBINARY} -L "${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" "${LIMITS_DIRECTORY}" -type f -exec ${CAT_BINARY} {} \; 2> /dev/null | ${GREPBINARY} -v "^$" | ${AWKBINARY} '{ if ($1=="*" && $2=="hard" && $3=="core" && $4=="0") { print "hard core disabled" } else if ($1=="*" && $2=="hard" && $3=="core" && $4!="0") { print "hard core enabled" } }' | ${TAILBINARY} -1)
                FIND3=$(${FINDBINARY} -L "${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" "${LIMITS_DIRECTORY}" -type f -exec ${CAT_BINARY} {} \; 2> /dev/null | ${GREPBINARY} -v "^$" | ${AWKBINARY} '{ if ($1=="*" && $2=="-" && $3=="core" && $4=="0") { print "core dumps disabled" } else if ($1=="*" && $2=="-" && $3=="core" && $4!="0") { print "core dumps enabled" } }' | ${TAILBINARY} -1)

# When "* - core [value]" is used, then this sets both soft and core. In that case we set the values, as they the type 'hard' and 'soft' will not be present in the configuration file.
                if [ "${FIND3}" = "core dumps disabled" ]; then
                    FIND1="soft core disabled"
                    FIND2="hard core disabled"
                elif [ "${FIND3}" = "core dumps enabled" ]; then
                    FIND1="soft core enabled"
                    FIND2="hard core enabled"
                fi

IS_SOFTCORE_DISABLED="$(if [ "${FIND1}" = "soft core disabled" ]; then ${ECHOCMD} DISABLED; elif [ "${FIND1}" = "soft core enabled" ]; then ${ECHOCMD} ENABLED; else ${ECHOCMD} ${STATUS_DEFAULT}; fi)"
                IS_HARDCORE_DISABLED="$(if [ "${FIND2}" = "hard core disabled" ]; then ${ECHOCMD} DISABLED; elif [ "${FIND2}" = "hard core enabled" ]; then ${ECHOCMD} ENABLED; else ${ECHOCMD} ${STATUS_DEFAULT}; fi)"

if [ "${FIND2}" = "hard core disabled" ]; then
                    LogText "Result: core dumps are hard disabled"
                    Display --indent 4 --text "- 'hard' configuration in ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" --result "${IS_HARDCORE_DISABLED}" --color "GREEN"
                    if [ "${FIND1}" = "soft core disabled" ]; then
                        Display --indent 4 --text "- 'soft' configuration in ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" --result "${IS_SOFTCORE_DISABLED}" --color "GREEN"
                    else
                        Display --indent 4 --text "- 'soft' config in ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf (implicit)" --result "${STATUS_DISABLED}" --color "GREEN"
                    fi
                    AddHP 3 3
                elif [ "${FIND1}" = "soft core enabled" ] && [ "${FIND2}" = "hard core enabled" ]; then
                    LogText "Result: core dumps (soft and hard) are enabled"
                    Display --indent 4 --text "- 'hard' configuration in ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" --result "${STATUS_ENABLED}" --color "RED"
                    Display --indent 4 --text "- 'soft' configuration in ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" --result "${STATUS_ENABLED}" --color "RED"
                    ReportSuggestion "${TEST_NO}" "If not required, consider explicit disabling of core dump in /etc/security/limits.conf file"
                    AddHP 0 3
                elif [ "${FIND1}" = "soft core disabled" ]; then
                    LogText "Result: core dumps are disabled for 'soft' ('hard'=${IS_HARDCORE_DISABLED})"
                    Display --indent 4 --text "- 'hard' configuration in ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" --result "${IS_HARDCORE_DISABLED}" --color "$(if [ "${IS_HARDCORE_DISABLED}" = "ENABLED" ]; then ${ECHOCMD} RED; elif [ "${IS_HARDCORE_DISABLED}" = "DISABLED" ]; then ${ECHOCMD} GREEN; else ${ECHOCMD} WHITE; fi)"
                    Display --indent 4 --text "- 'soft' configuration in ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" --result "${IS_SOFTCORE_DISABLED}" --color "GREEN"
                    AddHP 2 3
                elif [ "${FIND1}" = "soft core enabled" ] || [ "${FIND2}" = "hard core enabled" ]; then
                    LogText "Result: core dumps are partially enabled ('hard'=${IS_HARDCORE_DISABLED}, 'soft'=${IS_SOFTCORE_DISABLED})"
                    Display --indent 4 --text "- 'hard' configuration in ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" --result "${IS_HARDCORE_DISABLED}" --color "$(if [ "${IS_HARDCORE_DISABLED}" = "ENABLED" ]; then ${ECHOCMD} RED; elif [ "${IS_HARDCORE_DISABLED}" = "DISABLED" ]; then ${ECHOCMD} GREEN; else ${ECHOCMD} WHITE; fi)"
                    Display --indent 4 --text "- 'soft' configuration in ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" --result "${IS_SOFTCORE_DISABLED}" --color "$(if [ "${IS_SOFTCORE_DISABLED}" = "ENABLED" ]; then ${ECHOCMD} RED; elif [ "${IS_SOFTCORE_DISABLED}" = "DISABLED" ]; then ${ECHOCMD} GREEN; else ${ECHOCMD} WHITE; fi)"
                    AddHP 0 3
                else
                    LogText "Result: core dumps are not explicitly disabled"
                    Display --indent 4 --text "- 'hard' configuration in ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" --result "${IS_HARDCORE_DISABLED}" --color "WHITE"
                    Display --indent 4 --text "- 'soft' configuration in ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf" --result "${IS_HARDCORE_DISABLED}" --color "WHITE"
                    ReportSuggestion "${TEST_NO}" "If not required, consider explicit disabling of core dump in ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf file"
                    AddHP 1 3
                fi
            else
                LogText "Result: file ${DIR}etc/security/limits.conf does not exist, skipping test for this file"
            fi
        done

# Sysctl option
        LogText "Test: Checking sysctl value of fs.suid_dumpable"
        FIND=$(${SYSCTLBINARY} fs.suid_dumpable 2> /dev/null | ${AWKBINARY} '{ if ($1=="fs.suid_dumpable") { print $3 } }')
        if [ -z "${FIND}" ]; then
            LogText "Result: sysctl key fs.suid_dumpable not found"
        else
            LogText "Result: value ${FIND} found"
        fi
        if [ "${FIND}" = "2" ]; then
            LogText "Result: programs can dump core dump, but only readable by root (value 2, for debugging with file protection)"
            Display --indent 4 --text "- Checking setuid core dumps configuration" --result "${STATUS_PROTECTED}" --color WHITE
            AddHP 1 1
        elif [ "${FIND}" = "1" ]; then
            LogText "Result: all programs can perform core dumps (value 1, for debugging)"
            Display --indent 2 --text "- Checking setuid core dumps configuration" --result "${STATUS_DEBUG}" --color YELLOW
            ReportSuggestion "${TEST_NO}" "Determine if all binaries need to be able to core dump"
            AddHP 0 1
        else
            # 0 - (default) - traditional behaviour. Any process which has changed privilege levels or is execute only will not be dumped
            # https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sysctl/fs.txt
            LogText "Result: found default option (0), no execute only program or program with changed privilege levels can dump"
            Display --indent 4 --text "- Checking setuid core dumps configuration" --result "${STATUS_DISABLED}" --color GREEN
            AddHP 1 1
        fi
    fi
#
#################################################################################
#
    # Test        : KRNL-5830
    # Description : Check if system needs a reboot (Linux only)
    Register --test-no KRNL-5830 --os Linux --weight L --network NO --category security --description "Checking if system is running on the latest installed kernel"
    if [ ${SKIPTEST} -eq 0 ]; then
        REBOOT_NEEDED=2
        for FILE in "${ROOTDIR}var/run/reboot-required.pkgs" "${ROOTDIR}var/run/needs_restarting"
        do
            LogText "Test: Checking presence ${FILE}"
            if [ -f ${FILE} ]; then
                LogText "Result: file ${FILE} exists"
                FIND=$(${WCBINARY} -l < ${FILE})
                if [ "${FIND}" = "0" ]; then
                    LogText "Result: No reboot needed (file empty)"
                    REBOOT_NEEDED=0
                    break
                else
                    PKGSCOUNT=$(${WCBINARY} -l < ${FILE})
                    LogText "Result: reboot is needed, related to ${PKGSCOUNT} packages"
                    for I in ${FIND}; do
                        LogText "Package: ${I}"
                    done
                    REBOOT_NEEDED=1
                    break
                fi
            else
                LogText "Result: file ${FILE} not found"
            fi
        done

# Check if /boot exists
        if [ -d "${ROOTDIR}boot" ]; then
            LogText "Result: /boot exists, performing more tests from here"
            FIND=$(${LSBINARY} ${ROOTDIR}boot/* 2> /dev/null)
            if [ -n "${FIND}" ]; then
                if [ -f ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz -a ! -L ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz ]; then
                    LogText "Result: found /boot/vmlinuz (not symlinked)"
                    NEXTLINE=0
                    FINDVERSION=""
                    for I in $(file ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz-linux); do
                        if [ ${NEXTLINE} -eq 1 ]; then
                            FINDVERSION="${I}"
                            break
                        else
                            # Searching for the Linux kernel after the keyword 'version'
                            if [ "${I}" = "version" ]; then NEXTLINE=1; fi
                        fi
                    done
                    if [ -n "${FINDVERSION}" ]; then
                        CURRENT_KERNEL=$(uname -r)
                        if [ ! "${CURRENT_KERNEL}" = "${FINDVERSION}" ]; then
                            LogText "Result: reboot needed, as current kernel is different than the one loaded"
                            REBOOT_NEEDED=1
                        fi
                    else
                        ReportException "${TEST_NO}:1" "Can't determine kernel version on disk, need debug data"
                    fi
                elif [ -f ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz-linux ] || [ -f ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts ] || [ -f "$(${LSBINARY} -t ${ROOTDIR}boot/vm[l0-9]* 2> /dev/null | ${HEADBINARY} -1)" ]; then
                    if [ -f ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz ]; then
                          LogText "Result: found ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz"
                          FOUND_VMLINUZ=${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz
                    elif [ -f ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz-linux ]; then
                        LogText "Result: found ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz-linux"
                        FOUND_VMLINUZ=${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz-linux
                    elif [ -f ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts ]; then
                        LogText "Result: found ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts"
                        FOUND_VMLINUZ=${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz-linux-lts
                    elif [ -f ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz-lts ]; then
                        LogText "Result: found ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz-lts"
                        FOUND_VMLINUZ=${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz-lts
                    else
                        # Match on items like /boot/vm5.3.7 or /boot/vmlinuz-5.3.7-1-default. Sort based on versions (-v) and then find the last item
                        # Note: ignore a rescue kernel (e.g. CentOS)
                        FOUND_VMLINUZ=$(${LSBINARY} -v ${ROOTDIR}boot/vm[l0-9]* 2> /dev/null | ${GREPBINARY} -v '\-rescue\-' | ${TAILBINARY} -1)
                        LogText "Result: found ${FOUND_VMLINUZ}"
                    fi

VERSION_ON_DISK=""
                    if [ -L "${FOUND_VMLINUZ}" ]; then
                        LogText "Result: found a symlink, retrieving destination"
                        FOUND_VMLINUZ=$(readlink "${FOUND_VMLINUZ}")
                        LogText "Result: destination file is ${FOUND_VMLINUZ}"
                        VERSION_ON_DISK=$(echo ${FOUND_VMLINUZ} | ${SEDBINARY} 's#^/boot/##' | ${SEDBINARY} 's/^vmlinuz-//')
                        LogText "Result: version derived from file name is '${VERSION_ON_DISK}'"
                    elif [ -f "${FOUND_VMLINUZ}" ]; then
                        VERSION_ON_DISK=$(echo ${FOUND_VMLINUZ} | ${SEDBINARY} 's#^/boot/##' | ${SEDBINARY} 's/^vmlinuz-//' | ${SEDBINARY} '$s/-\?$linux$\?-\?$lts$\?//')
                        LogText "Result: version derived from file name is '${VERSION_ON_DISK}'"

# Data check: perform reset if we found a version but looks incomplete
                    # Example: Arch Linux will return only 'linux' as its version after it discovered /boot/vmlinuz-linux
                    case ${VERSION_ON_DISK} in
                        "linux" | "linux-lts")
                            LogText "Result: reset of version (${VERSION_ON_DISK}) as it looks incomplete"
                            VERSION_ON_DISK=""
                        ;;
                    esac

# If we did not find the version yet, see if we can extract it from the magic data that 'file' returns
                    if [ -z "${VERSION_ON_DISK}" ]; then
                        LogText "Test: checking kernel version on disk"
                        NEXTLINE=0
                        VERSION_ON_DISK=""
                        for I in $(file ${FOUND_VMLINUZ}); do
                            if [ ${NEXTLINE} -eq 1 ]; then
                                VERSION_ON_DISK="${I}"
                                break
                            else
                                # Searching for the Linux kernel after the keyword 'version'
                                if [ "${I}" = "version" ]; then NEXTLINE=1; fi
                            fi
                        done
                    fi

# Last check if we finally got a version or not
                    if [ -z "${VERSION_ON_DISK}" ]; then
                        LogText "Result: could not find the version on disk"
                        ReportException "${TEST_NO}:4" "Could not find the kernel version"
                    else
                        LogText "Result: found version ${VERSION_ON_DISK}"
                        ACTIVE_KERNEL=$(uname -r)
                        LogText "Result: active kernel version ${ACTIVE_KERNEL}"
                        if [ "${VERSION_ON_DISK}" = "${ACTIVE_KERNEL}" ]; then
                            REBOOT_NEEDED=0
                            LogText "Result: no reboot needed, active kernel is the same version as the one on disk"
                        else
                            REBOOT_NEEDED=1
                            LogText "Result: reboot needed, as there is a difference between active kernel and the one on disk"
                        fi
                    fi
                else
                    if [ -L ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz ]; then
                        LogText "Result: found symlink of ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz, skipping file"
                    else
                        LogText "Result: ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz not on disk, trying to find ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz*"
                    fi
                    # Extra current kernel version and replace dashes to allow numeric ${SORTBINARY} later on
                    MYKERNEL=$(${UNAMEBINARY} -r | ${SEDBINARY} 's/\.[a-z].*.//g' | ${SEDBINARY} 's/-[a-z].*.//g' | ${SEDBINARY} 's/-/./g')
                    LogText "Result: using ${MYKERNEL} as my kernel version (stripped)"
                    FIND=$(ls ${ROOTDIR}boot/vmlinuz* 2> /dev/null)
                    if [ -n "${FIND}" ]; then
                        for ITEM in ${FIND}; do
                            LogText "Result: found ${ITEM}"
                        done
                        # Display kernels, extract version numbers and ${SORTBINARY} them numeric per column (up to 6 numbers)
                        # Ignore rescue images. Remove generic. and huge. for Slackware machines
                        # TODO: see if this can be simplified using ls -v sorting
                        LogText "Action: checking relevant kernels"
                        KERNELS=$(${LSBINARY} /boot/vmlinuz* | ${GREPBINARY} -v rescue | ${SEDBINARY} 's/vmlinuz-//' | ${SEDBINARY} 's/generic.//' | ${SEDBINARY} 's/huge.//' | ${SEDBINARY} 's/\.[a-z].*.//g' | ${SEDBINARY} 's/-[a-z].*.//g' | ${SEDBINARY} 's./boot/..' | ${SEDBINARY} 's/-/./g' | ${SORTBINARY} -n -k1,1 -k2,2 -k3,3 -k4,4 -k5,5 -k6,6 -t \.)
                        KERNELS_ONE_LINE=$(${ECHOCMD} ${KERNELS} | ${TRBINARY} '\n' ' ')
                        LogText "Output: ${KERNELS_ONE_LINE}"
                    elif [ ! "$(ls ${ROOTDIR}boot/kernel* 2> /dev/null)" = "" ]; then
                        LogText "Output: Found a kernel file in ${ROOTDIR}boot"
                        # Display kernels, extract version numbers and ${SORTBINARY} them numeric per column (up to 6 numbers)
                        # Examples:
                        # /boot/kernel-genkernel-x86_64-3.14.14-gentoo
                        KERNELS=$(${LSBINARY} ${ROOTDIR}boot/kernel* | ${AWKBINARY} -F- '{ if ($2=="genkernel") { print $4 }}' | ${GREPBINARY} "^[0-9]" | ${SORTBINARY} -n -k1,1 -k2,2 -k3,3 -k4,4 -k5,5 -k6,6 -t \.)
                        if [ -n "${KERNELS}" ]; then LogText "Output: ${KERNELS}"; fi
                    else
                        ReportException "${TEST_NO}:2" "Can not find any vmlinuz or kernel files in /boot, which is unexpected"
                    fi
                    if [ -n "${KERNELS}" ]; then
                        FOUND_KERNEL=0
                        for I in ${KERNELS}; do
                            # Check if we already found a kernel and it is not equal to what we run (e.g. double versions may exist)
                            if [ ${FOUND_KERNEL} -eq 1 -a ! "${MYKERNEL}" = "${I}" ]; then
                                LogText "Result: found a kernel (${I}) later than active kernel (${MYKERNEL})"
                                REBOOT_NEEDED=1
                            fi
                            if [ "${MYKERNEL}" = "${I}" ]; then
                                FOUND_KERNEL=1
                                LogText "Result: found ${I} (= active kernel)"
                            else
                                LogText "Result: found ${I}"
                            fi
                        done
                        # Check if we at least found the kernel on disk
                        if [ ${FOUND_KERNEL} -eq 0 ]; then
                            ReportException "${TEST_NO}:3" "Could not find our running kernel on disk, which is unexpected"
                        else
                            # If we are not sure yet reboot it needed, but we found running kernel as last one on disk, we run latest kernel
                            if [ ${REBOOT_NEEDED} -eq 2 ]; then
                                LogText "Result: found the running kernel on disk being the last entry, so it looks up-to-date"
                                REBOOT_NEEDED=0
                            fi
                        fi
                    fi
                fi
            # No files in /boot
            else
                LogText "Result: Skipping this test, as there are no files in /boot"
            fi
        else
            LogText "Result: /boot does not exist or not privileged to read files"
        fi

# Attempt to check for Raspbian if reboot is needed
        # This check searches for apt package "raspberrypi-kernel-[package-date]", trys to extract the date of packaging from the filename
        # and compares that date with the currently running kernel's build date (uname -v).
        # Of course there can be a time difference between kernel build and kernel packaging, therefore a time difference of
        # 3 days is accepted and it is assumed with only 3 days apart, this must be the same kernel version.
        if [ ${REBOOT_NEEDED} -eq 2 ] && [ -d "${APT_ARCHIVE_DIRECTORY}" ]; then
            LogText "Result: found folder ${APT_ARCHIVE_DIRECTORY}; assuming this is a debian based distribution"
            LogText "Check: try to find raspberrypi-kernel file in ${APT_ARCHIVE_DIRECTORY} and extract package date from file name"

FOUND_KERNEL_DATE=$(${FINDBINARY} ${APT_ARCHIVE_DIRECTORY} -name "raspberrypi-kernel*" -printf "%T@ %Tc %p\n" 2> /dev/null \
            | ${SORTBINARY} -nr | ${HEADBINARY} -1 | ${GREPBINARY} -o "raspberrypi-kernel.*deb" | ${EGREPBINARY} -o "\.[0-9]+" | ${SEDBINARY} 's/\.//g')

if [ -n "${FOUND_KERNEL_DATE}" ]; then
                FOUND_KERNEL_IN_SECONDS=$(date -d "${FOUND_KERNEL_DATE}" "+%s" 2> /dev/null)
            else
                LogText "Result: Skipping this test, as there was no package date to extract"
            fi

if [ -n "${FOUND_KERNEL_IN_SECONDS}" ] && [ ${FOUND_KERNEL_IN_SECONDS} -gt 1 ]; then
                LogText "Result: Got package date: ${FOUND_KERNEL_DATE} (= ${FOUND_KERNEL_IN_SECONDS} seconds)"
                UNAME_OUTPUT="$(${UNAMEBINARY} -v 2> /dev/null)"
            else
                LogText "Result: Skipping this test, as extracting the seconds of package date failed"
            fi
            
            if [ -n "${UNAME_OUTPUT}" ]; then
                LogText "Result: Got an output from 'uname -v'"
                LogText "Check: Trying to extract kernel build date from 'uname -v' output"
                next=""
                for part in ${UNAME_OUTPUT}; do
                    if [ -z "$next" ]; then
                        if [ "${part}" = "Mon" ] || [ "${part}" = "Tue" ] || [ "${part}" = "Wed" ] || [ "${part}" = "Thu" ] || [ "${part}" = "Fri" ] || [ "${part}" = "Sat" ] || [ "${part}" = "Sun" ]; then
                            next="month"
                        fi
                    elif [ "$next" = "month" ]; then
                        if [ $(${ECHOCMD} "${part}" | ${EGREPBINARY} -c "[A-Z][a-z]") -ge 1 ]; then
                            UNAME_DATE_MONTH="${part}"
                            next="day"
                        fi
                    elif [ "${next}" = "day" ]; then
                        if [ $(${ECHOCMD} ${part} | ${EGREPBINARY} -c "[0-9][0-9]") -ge 1 ]; then
                            UNAME_DATE_DAY="${part}"
                            next="time"
                        fi
                    elif [ "${next}" = "time" ]; then
                        if [ $(${ECHOCMD} ${part} | ${EGREPBINARY} -c ":[0-9][0-9]:") -ge 1 ]; then
                            next="year"
                        fi
                    elif [ "${next}" = "year" ]; then
                        if [ $(${ECHOCMD} ${part} | ${EGREPBINARY} -c "[0-9][0-9]") -ge 1 ]; then
                            UNAME_DATE_YEAR="${part}"
                            break
                        fi
                    fi
                done
                if [ -n "${UNAME_DATE_MONTH}" ] && [ -n "${UNAME_DATE_DAY}" ] && [ -n "${UNAME_DATE_YEAR}" ]; then
                    LogText "Result: Extracted kernel build date is: ${UNAME_DATE_DAY} ${UNAME_DATE_MONTH} ${UNAME_DATE_YEAR}"
                    UNAME_DATE_IN_SECONDS=$(date -d "${UNAME_DATE_DAY} ${UNAME_DATE_MONTH} ${UNAME_DATE_YEAR}" "+%s" 2> /dev/null)
                    LogText "Check: Comparing kernel build date in seconds (${UNAME_DATE_IN_SECONDS}s) with package date in seconds (${FOUND_KERNEL_IN_SECONDS}s)"
                    if [ -n "${UNAME_DATE_IN_SECONDS}" ] && [ ${FOUND_KERNEL_IN_SECONDS} -ge ${UNAME_DATE_IN_SECONDS} ]; then
                        LogText "Result: package creation date is older than running kernel. Hence, this check should be valid."
                        LogText "Check if package create date and kernel build date are not more than 3 days apart."

SECONDS_APART=$(( ${FOUND_KERNEL_IN_SECONDS} - ${UNAME_DATE_IN_SECONDS} ))
                        if [ ${SECONDS_APART} -ge 60 ]; then
                            MINUTES_APART=$(( ${SECONDS_APART} / 60 ))
                            if [ ${MINUTES_APART} -ge 60 ]; then
                                DAYS_APART=$(( ${MINUTES_APART} / 60 ))
                                if [ ${DAYS_APART} -ge 24 ]; then DAYS_APART=$(( ${DAYS_APART} / 24 )); else DAYS_APART=0; fi
                            else
                                DAYS_APART=0
                            fi
                        else
                            DAYS_APART=0
                        fi
                        # assuming kernels are packaged definitely within 3 days. ACCEPTED_TIME_DIFF needs a value in seconds
                        ACCEPTED_TIME_DIFF=$((3 * 24 * 60 * 60))
                        if [ ${FOUND_KERNEL_IN_SECONDS} -le $((${UNAME_DATE_IN_SECONDS} + ${ACCEPTED_TIME_DIFF})) ]; then
                            LogText "Result: package create date and kernel build date are only ${DAYS_APART} day(s) apart."
                            LogText "Result: Assuming no reboot needed."
                            REBOOT_NEEDED=0
                        else
                            LogText "Result: package create date and kernel build date are ${DAYS_APART} day(s) apart."
                            LogText "Result: Assuming reboot is needed."
                            REBOOT_NEEDED=1
                        fi
                    else
                        LogText "Result: Package's create date is older than running kernel, which is unexpected. Might not be a valid test. Skipping..."
                    fi
                else
                    LogText "Result: Could not extract Day, Month and Year from 'uname -v' output"
                fi
            else
                LogText "Result: Did not get output from 'uname -v'. Skipping test."
            fi
                
            
        else
            LogText "Result: /var/cache/apt/archives/ does not exist"
        fi

# Display discovered status
        if [ ${REBOOT_NEEDED} -eq 0 ]; then
            Display --indent 2 --text "- Check if reboot is needed" --result "${STATUS_NO}" --color GREEN
            AddHP 5 5
        elif [ ${REBOOT_NEEDED} -eq 1 ]; then
            Display --indent 2 --text "- Check if reboot is needed" --result "${STATUS_YES}" --color RED
            ReportWarning "${TEST_NO}" "Reboot of system is most likely needed" "" "text:reboot"
            AddHP 0 5
        else
            Display --indent 2 --text "- Check if reboot is needed" --result "${STATUS_UNKNOWN}" --color YELLOW
        fi
    fi
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