Gecko [ www.finalhopeacademy.com ]

/ usr / bin / [ HOME SHELL ]

Name	Size	Permission
7z	40 B	-rwxr-xr-x
7za	41 B	-rwxr-xr-x
GET	14.71 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
HEAD	14.71 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
Magick-config	1.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
MagickCore-config	1.24 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
MagickWand-config	1.25 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
Mail	383.67 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
POST	14.71 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
Wand-config	1.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
[	40.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
a2p	105.32 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
aclocal	35.87 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
aclocal-1.13	35.87 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
addr2line	28.42 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
agentxtrap	19.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
alias	29 B	-rwxr-xr-x
altermime	108.35 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
amavisd-agent	13.12 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
amavisd-nanny	11.72 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
amavisd-release	12.35 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
amavisd-signer	36.85 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
amavisd-submit	9.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
animate	7.04 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
apr-1-config	6.76 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
apropos	45.49 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
apu-1-config	5.97 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ar	61.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
arch	32.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
aria_chk	4.56 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
aria_dump_log	4.36 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
aria_ftdump	4.37 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
aria_pack	4.4 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
aria_read_log	4.52 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
arj	199.56 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
arjdisp	12.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
arpaname	7.03 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
as	377.36 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
aserver	28.21 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
aspell	163.35 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
at	51.73 KB	-rwsr-xr-x
atq	51.73 KB	-rwsr-xr-x
atrm	51.73 KB	-rwsr-xr-x
audit2allow	14.21 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
audit2why	14.21 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
aulast	15.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
aulastlog	11.35 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ausyscall	11.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
autoconf	14.42 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
autoheader	8.33 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
autom4te	31.43 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
automake	246.44 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
automake-1.13	246.44 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
autoreconf	20.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
autoscan	16.72 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
autoupdate	33.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
auvirt	31.93 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
awk	418.54 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
base64	36.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
basename	28.35 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bash	941.93 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bashbug	6.8 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bashbug-64	6.8 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
batch	137 B	-rwxr-xr-x
bc	81.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bdftopcf	44.19 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bdftruncate	11.2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bg	26 B	-rwxr-xr-x
bison	393.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bond2team	22.74 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bootctl	68.99 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bunzip2	31.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
busctl	403.2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bzcat	31.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bzcmp	2.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bzdiff	2.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bzgrep	1.64 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bzip2	31.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bzip2recover	15.24 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bzless	1.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
bzmore	1.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
c++	754.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
c++filt	27.92 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
c2ph	35.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
c89	224 B	-rwxr-xr-x
c99	215 B	-rwxr-xr-x
ca-legacy	1.6 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cabextract	68.7 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cairo-sphinx	69.99 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cal	36.8 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
captoinfo	64.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cat	52.81 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
catchsegv	3.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
catman	36.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cc	750.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ccmake	3.95 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
ccmake3	5.83 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
cd	26 B	-rwxr-xr-x
centrino-decode	6.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
certutil	179.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
certwatch	15.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
chacl	15.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
chage	72.16 KB	-rwsr-xr-x
chardetect	307 B	-rwxr-xr-x
chattr	11.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
chcat	13.12 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
chcon	61.46 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
checkmodule	400.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
checkpolicy	412.46 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
chfn	23.41 KB	-rws--x--x
chgrp	61.32 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
chmem	40.43 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
chmod	57.21 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
chown	61.36 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
chronyc	85.03 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
chrt	32.17 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
chsh	23.32 KB	-rws--x--x
chvt	11.14 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cifsiostat	48.5 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cksum	32.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
clambc	139.76 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
clamconf	139.43 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
clamdscan	155.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
clamdtop	155.74 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
clamscan	163.64 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
clamsubmit	147.73 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
clear	7.02 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
clusterdb	53.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cmake	3.9 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
cmake3	6.21 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
cmp	44.14 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cmsutil	110.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
col	23.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
colcrt	11.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
colrm	23.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
column	27.99 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
comm	36.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
command	31 B	-rwxr-xr-x
compare	11.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
compile_et	1.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
composite	7.04 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
conjure	7.04 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
consolehelper	6.95 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
convert	7.04 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
coredumpctl	154.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cp	151.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cpack	4.16 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
cpack3	6.31 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
cpio	142.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cpp	754.58 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cpulimit	23.78 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cpupower	66.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
crc32	794 B	-rwxr-xr-x
createdb	53.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
createlang	57.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
createuser	57.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
crlutil	127 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
crontab	56.23 KB	-rwsr-xr-x
csplit	48.82 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
csslint-0.6	19.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ctest	4.96 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
ctest3	7.14 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
curl	152.99 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
curl-config	4.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cut	40.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cvtsudoers	241.7 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
cxpm	28.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
date	60.74 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_archive	11.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_checkpoint	11.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_deadlock	11.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_dump	15.33 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_dump185	64.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_hotbackup	15.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_load	27.51 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_log_verify	15.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_printlog	32.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_recover	11.33 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_replicate	15.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_stat	15.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_tuner	19.33 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_upgrade	11.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
db_verify	11.25 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dbilogstrip	1.43 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dbinfo	3.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dbiprof	6.15 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dbiproxy	5.35 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dbus-binding-tool	94.49 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dbus-cleanup-sockets	11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dbus-daemon	218 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dbus-monitor	23.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dbus-run-session	14.97 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dbus-send	27.07 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dbus-test-tool	23.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dbus-update-activation-environ...	15.02 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dbus-uuidgen	10.98 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dc	44.33 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dd	73.14 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
deallocvt	11.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
debuginfo-install	7.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
delv	39.98 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
derb	19.95 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
df	102.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dgawk	502.12 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
diff	195.46 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
diff3	60.65 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dig	146.96 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dir	114.85 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dircolors	40.44 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dirname	28.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
display	7.04 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dm_date	5.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dm_zdump	4.95 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dmesg	48.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dnsdomainname	15.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
domainname	15.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
doveadm	596.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
doveconf	161.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dracut	55.83 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dropdb	53.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
droplang	57.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dropuser	53.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dsync	596.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dtrace	16.66 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
du	110.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dumpkeys	77.51 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dumpsexp	15.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
dwp	3.03 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
easy_install-3.6	234 B	-rwxr-xr-x
echo	32.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ecpg	737.83 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ed2k-link	71.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
egrep	290 B	-rwxr-xr-x
eject	48.81 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
elfedit	32.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
enchant	15.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
enchant-lsmod	11.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
env	28.33 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
envsubst	36.01 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
eqn	144.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ex	906.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
expand	32.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
expr	36.53 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
factor	93.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fallocate	27.84 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
false	28.25 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fc	26 B	-rwxr-xr-x
fc-cache	132 B	-rwxr-xr-x
fc-cache-64	15.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fc-cat	15.4 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fc-conflist	11.2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fc-list	11.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fc-match	11.32 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fc-pattern	11.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fc-query	11.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fc-scan	11.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fc-validate	11.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fcat	23.82 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fg	26 B	-rwxr-xr-x
fgconsole	11.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fgrep	290 B	-rwxr-xr-x
filan	89.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
file	19.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
find	194.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
find-repos-of-install	4.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
find2perl	23.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
findmnt	58.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fipscheck	15.37 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fipshmac	11.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
firewall-cmd	113.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
firewall-offline-cmd	101.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
flex	318.07 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
flex++	318.07 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
flock	23.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fmt	36.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fold	36.46 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fonttosfnt	35.99 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
formail	43.68 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
free	19.33 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
freetype-config	4.39 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
freeze	23.82 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
freshclam	39.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
fribidi	16.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
funzip	31.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
g++	754.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
galera_new_cluster	917 B	-rwxr-xr-x
galera_recovery	3.28 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gapplication	19.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
garb-systemd	1.2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
garbd	2.2 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
gawk	418.54 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gcc	750.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gcc-ar	26.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gcc-nm	26.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gcc-ranlib	26.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gcov	307.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gdbus	40.17 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gdbus-codegen	2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gdk-pixbuf-query-loaders-64	15.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gdk-pixbuf-thumbnailer	15.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
genbrk	15.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gencat	22.11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gencfu	11.64 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gencnval	19.71 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gendict	24.01 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
genkey	43.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
genl-ctrl-list	11.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
genrb	95.2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
geoiplookup	15.28 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
geoiplookup6	11.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
geoipupdate	31.28 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
geqn	144.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
getconf	22.02 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
getent	26.39 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
getfacl	24.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
getkeycodes	11.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
getopt	15.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
getopts	31 B	-rwxr-xr-x
gettext	35.94 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gettext.sh	4.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gio	73.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gio-querymodules-64	11.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
git	1.46 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
git-receive-pack	1.46 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
git-shell	717.98 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
git-upload-archive	1.46 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
git-upload-pack	791.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
glib-compile-resources	40.25 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
glib-compile-schemas	44.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
glib-genmarshal	39.97 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
glib-gettextize	5.25 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
glib-mkenums	27.15 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gmake	178.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gneqn	271 B	-rwxr-xr-x
gnroff	3.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
goaccess	610.99 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gobject-query	11.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gost-hash	71.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gpasswd	76.57 KB	-rwsr-xr-x
gpg	732.4 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gpg-agent	289.74 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gpg-connect-agent	152.69 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gpg-error	23.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gpg-error-config	1.83 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gpg-zip	3.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gpg2	732.4 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gpgconf	140.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gpgparsemail	23.7 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gpgsplit	48.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gpgv	345.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gpgv2	345.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gpic	180.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gprof	98.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gr2fonttest	23.66 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grep	155.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gresource	19.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
groff	81.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grops	140.85 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grotty	98.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
groups	32.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-editenv	396.07 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-file	830.36 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-fstest	1.03 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-glue-efi	258.85 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-kbdcomp	1.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-menulst2cfg	241.82 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-mkfont	287.6 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-mkimage	379.25 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-mklayout	264.91 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-mknetdir	429.8 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2	271.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-mkrelpath	258.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-mkrescue	1017.84 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-mkstandalone	534.32 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-render-label	835.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-script-check	295.43 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
grub2-syslinux2cfg	763.7 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gsettings	23.8 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gsoelim	32.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gss-client	23.17 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gtar	338.02 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gtbl	115.96 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gtester	23.64 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gtester-report	18.39 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gtroff	512.96 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gunzip	2.2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gzexe	5.79 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
gzip	98.43 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
h2ph	27.65 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
h2xs	59.15 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
has160-hash	71.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
hdsploader	11.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
head	40.51 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
hexdump	32.02 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
hmac256	15.67 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
host	127.02 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
hostid	28.32 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
hostname	15.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
hostnamectl	318.07 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
hunspell	53.11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
i386	15.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
iceauth	31.73 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
iconv	58.14 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
icu-config	172 B	-rwxr-xr-x
icu-config-64	21.49 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
icuinfo	15.6 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
id	36.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
identify	7.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
idiag-socket-details	11.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
idn	32.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ifnames	4.03 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
igawk	3.11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
imapsync	338.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
import	7.04 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
info	265.19 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
infocmp	56.07 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
infokey	21.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
infotocap	64.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
innochecksum	3.64 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
install	139.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
instmodsh	4.15 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ionice	23.86 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
iostat	60.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ipcalc	15.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ipcmk	24 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ipcrm	27.85 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ipcs	48.37 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
iptables-xml	91.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
isosize	23.83 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ispell	988 B	-rwxr-xr-x
jemalloc.sh	125 B	-rwxr-xr-x
jobs	28 B	-rwxr-xr-x
join	48.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
journalctl	537.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
kbd_mode	11.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
kbdinfo	11.19 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
kbdrate	11.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
kdumpctl	33.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
kernel-install	4.7 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
keyrand	11.25 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
keyutil	60.84 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
kill	32.82 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
kmod	143.24 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
krb5-config	6.96 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
l4p-tmpl	1.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
last	19.11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lastb	19.11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lastlog	19.15 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lchfn	15.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lchsh	15.49 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ld	982.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ld.bfd	982.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ld.gold	5.11 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
ldd	5.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
less	154.53 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lessecho	11.11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lesskey	16.66 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lesspipe.sh	2.24 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lex	318.07 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lexgrog	85.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
libgcrypt-config	3.78 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
libmcrypt-config	1.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
libnetcfg	15.36 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
libpng-config	2.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
libpng15-config	2.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
link	28.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
links	4.37 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
links2	4.37 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
linux-boot-prober	5.85 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
linux32	15.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
linux64	15.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ln	57.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
loadkeys	110.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
loadunimap	23.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
locale	37.11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
localectl	326.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
localedef	318.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
locate	39.57 KB	-rwx--s--x
lockfile	19.36 KB	-rwxr-sr-x
logger	28.62 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
login	36.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
loginctl	489.62 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
logname	28.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
look	11.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ls	114.85 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lsattr	11.25 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lsblk	79.17 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lscpu	60.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lsinitrd	6.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lsipc	60.95 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lslocks	41.01 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lslogins	52.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lsmem	40.78 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lsns	36.43 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lsscsi	56.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lua	15.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
luac	119.03 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lwp-download	8.43 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lwp-dump	2.73 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lwp-mirror	2.42 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lwp-request	14.71 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lynis	50.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lz4	105.84 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lz4c	105.84 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lz4cat	105.84 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
lzop	69.32 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
m4	151.17 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
machinectl	533.95 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
magnet-link	71.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mail	383.67 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mailq	322.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mailq.postfix	322.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mailstat	5.72 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mailx	383.67 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
make	178.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
makeconv	40.51 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
makedb	18.11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
man	100.44 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mandb	122.25 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
manpath	32.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mapscrn	19.78 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb	4.33 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-access	109.33 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-admin	3.85 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-binlog	4.11 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-check	3.85 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-convert-table-format	4.12 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-dump	3.94 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-dumpslow	8.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-embedded	21.82 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-find-rows	3.21 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-fix-extensions	1.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-hotcopy	34.14 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-import	3.84 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-install-db	21.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-plugin	3.54 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-secure-installation	13.37 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-service-convert	2.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-setpermission	17.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-show	3.84 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-slap	3.86 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-tzinfo-to-sql	3.54 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-upgrade	3.63 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb-waitpid	3.53 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadb_config	11.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadbd-multi	26.69 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadbd-safe	30.39 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mariadbd-safe-helper	3.5 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mcookie	15.44 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
md5sum	40.53 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mdig	44.2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
melt	23.82 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memaslap	65.37 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memcached	108.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memcached-tool	4.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memcapable	57.71 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memcat	19.99 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memcp	20.19 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memdump	15.81 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memerror	15.46 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memexist	15.72 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memflush	15.73 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memparse	11.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memping	15.84 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memrm	15.78 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memslap	24.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memstat	20.17 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
memtouch	15.8 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mesg	10.98 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mimedump	2.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mimeencode	849 B	-rwxr-xr-x
mimeexplode	3.28 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mimepostcard	2.68 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mimesend	3.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mixartloader	15.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mkdir	77.9 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mkfifo	61.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mkfontdir	65 B	-rwxr-xr-x
mkfontscale	32.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mkinitrd	2.94 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mknod	65.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mktemp	40.66 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
modutil	165.78 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mogrify	7.04 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
montage	7.04 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
more	40.15 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mount	43.23 KB	-rwsr-xr-x
mountpoint	15.32 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mpstat	52.53 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msgattrib	23.36 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msgcat	23.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msgcmp	23.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msgcomm	19.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msgconv	19.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msgen	19.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msgexec	15.33 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msgfilter	27.56 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msgfmt	77.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msggrep	35.97 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msghack	12.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msginit	44.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msgmerge	52.6 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msgunfmt	31.7 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msguniq	19.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
msql2mysql	1.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mv	127.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
my_print_defaults	3.53 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
myisam_ftdump	3.89 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
myisamchk	4.01 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
myisamlog	3.87 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
myisampack	3.91 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysql	4.33 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysql_config	4.58 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysql_convert_table_format	4.12 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysql_embedded	21.82 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysql_find_rows	3.21 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysql_fix_extensions	1.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysql_install_db	21.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysql_plugin	3.54 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysql_secure_installation	13.37 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysql_setpermission	17.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysql_tzinfo_to_sql	3.54 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysql_upgrade	3.63 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysql_waitpid	3.53 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysqlaccess	109.33 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysqladmin	3.85 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysqlbinlog	4.11 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysqlcheck	3.85 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysqld_multi	26.69 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysqld_safe	30.39 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysqld_safe_helper	3.5 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysqldump	3.94 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysqldumpslow	8.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysqlhotcopy	34.14 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysqlimport	3.84 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysqlshow	3.84 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
mysqlslap	3.86 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
nail	383.67 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
named-rrchecker	15.32 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
namei	27.95 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nano	201.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ncurses5-config	5.68 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ncursesw5-config	5.68 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ndptool	23.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
needs-restarting	8.17 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
neqn	271 B	-rwxr-xr-x
net-server	3.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
net-snmp-config	1.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
net-snmp-config-x86_64	29.46 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
net-snmp-create-v3-user	2.98 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
netstat	151.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nettle-hash	11.33 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nettle-lfib-stream	7.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
newaliases	322.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
newaliases.postfix	322.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
newgidmap	38.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
newgrp	40.95 KB	-rwsr-xr-x
newuidmap	38.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nf-ct-add	11.8 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nf-ct-list	15.84 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nf-exp-add	16.21 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nf-exp-delete	15.99 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nf-exp-list	11.8 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nf-log	11.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nf-monitor	11.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nf-queue	11.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nfsiostat-sysstat	52.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ngettext	35.95 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nice	32.32 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nisdomainname	15.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl	40.6 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-addr-add	11.65 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-addr-delete	11.73 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-addr-list	15.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-class-add	11.7 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-class-delete	11.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-class-list	11.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-classid-lookup	11.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-cls-add	11.76 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-cls-delete	11.68 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-cls-list	11.58 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-fib-lookup	11.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-link-enslave	7.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-link-ifindex2name	7.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-link-list	11.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-link-name2ifindex	7.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-link-release	7.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-link-set	11.64 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-link-stats	11.39 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-list-caches	11.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-list-sockets	7.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-monitor	11.2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-neigh-add	11.51 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-neigh-delete	11.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-neigh-list	11.46 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-neightbl-list	11.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-pktloc-lookup	11.36 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-qdisc-add	11.6 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-qdisc-delete	11.54 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-qdisc-list	11.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-route-add	11.73 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-route-delete	15.86 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-route-get	11.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-route-list	11.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-rule-list	11.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-tctree-list	11.53 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nl-util-addr	7.03 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nm	45.43 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nm-online	15.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nmcli	809.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nmtui	646.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nmtui-connect	646.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nmtui-edit	646.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nmtui-hostname	646.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nohup	32.42 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nomarch	19.6 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nproc	32.37 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nroff	3.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nsenter	28.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nslookup	130.93 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nss-policy-check	15.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
nsupdate	65.2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
numfmt	64.71 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
objcopy	227.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
objdump	357.74 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
od	64.81 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
offlineimap	926 B	-rwxr-xr-x
oldfind	186.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
onig-config	1.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
opax	110.53 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
open	19.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
openssl	542.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
openvt	19.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
os-prober	5.51 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
p11-kit	32.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
package-cleanup	17.39 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
package-stash-conflicts	487 B	-rwxr-xr-x
page_owner_sort	10.2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pango-list	11.1 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pango-querymodules-64	28.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pango-view	49.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
paperconf	11.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
passwd	27.2 KB	-rwsr-xr-x
paste	32.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pathchk	32.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pax	110.53 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pchrt	3.93 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pcre-config	2.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
perl	11.14 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
perl5.16.3	11.14 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
perlbug	43.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
perldoc	203 B	-rwxr-xr-x
perlivp	10.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
perlthanks	43.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
perror	3.72 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
pflags	2.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pg_config	28 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pg_dump	305.78 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pg_dumpall	73.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pg_restore	126.79 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pgawk	418.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pgrep	27.67 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
php	41.44 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
pic	180.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
piconv	7.99 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pidstat	68.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pinentry	2.54 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pinentry-curses	49.19 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ping	64.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ping6	64.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pinky	36.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pip-3	407 B	-rwxr-xr-x
pip-3.6	407 B	-rwxr-xr-x
pip3	407 B	-rwxr-xr-x
pip3.6	407 B	-rwxr-xr-x
pk12util	103.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pkaction	15 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pkcheck	23.03 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pkcs1-conv	15.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pkexec	27.02 KB	-rwsr-xr-x
pkg-config	44.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pkgdata	36.7 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pkill	27.67 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pkla-admin-identities	19.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pkla-check-authorization	27.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pkttyagent	18.98 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pl2pm	4.42 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pldd	14.11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
plymouth	39.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pmap	27.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pod2html	4 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pod2man	13.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pod2text	10.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pod2usage	3.67 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
post-grohtml	187.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
powernow-k8-decode	6.15 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pr	65.11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pre-grohtml	86.24 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
precat	5.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
preconv	40.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
preunzip	5.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
prezip	5.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
prezip-bin	11.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
printenv	28.28 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
printf	48.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
prlimit	41.2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
procan	76.99 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
procmail	105.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
prove	13.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ps	97.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
psed	52.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
psfaddtable	19.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
psfgettable	19.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
psfstriptable	19.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
psfxtable	19.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pspell-config	384 B	-rwxr-xr-x
psql	438.74 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pstruct	35.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-align	39.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-archiver	255.74 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-config-diff	164.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-deadlock-logger	161.56 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-diskstats	160.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-duplicate-key-checker	164.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-fifo-split	48.11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-find	145.46 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-fingerprint	64.85 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-fk-error-logger	129.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-heartbeat	186.97 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-index-usage	219.97 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-ioprofile	31.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-kill	242.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-mext	21.24 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-mysql-summary	98.62 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-online-schema-change	374.96 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-pmp	24.02 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-query-digest	505.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-show-grants	70.84 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-sift	36.84 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-slave-delay	141.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-slave-find	124 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-slave-restart	174.58 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-stalk	67.93 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-summary	87.76 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-table-checksum	408.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-table-sync	386.36 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-table-usage	217.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-upgrade	322.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-variable-advisor	172.12 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pt-visual-explain	99.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ptar	3.43 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ptardiff	2.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ptargrep	4.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ptaskset	3.8 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ptx	65.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pure-ftpwho	6.95 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pure-pw	39.5 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pure-pwconvert	10.95 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pure-statsdecode	10.95 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pwd	32.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pwdx	11.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pwmake	11.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pwscore	11.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pydoc	78 B	-rwxr-xr-x
pydoc3	78 B	-rwxr-xr-x
pydoc3.6	78 B	-rwxr-xr-x
python	6.98 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
python2	6.98 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
python2.7	6.98 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
python3	11.07 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
python3.6	11.07 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
python3.6m	11.07 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
pyvenv	435 B	-rwxr-xr-x
pyvenv-3.6	435 B	-rwxr-xr-x
qemu-ga	267.8 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
quota	83.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
quotasync	70.84 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ranlib	61.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
raw	15.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
razor-admin	905 B	-rwxr-xr-x
razor-check	907 B	-rwxr-xr-x
razor-client	624 B	-rwxr-xr-x
razor-report	911 B	-rwxr-xr-x
razor-revoke	911 B	-rwxr-xr-x
read	28 B	-rwxr-xr-x
readelf	509.83 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
readlink	40.82 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
realpath	61.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rearj	60.17 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
recode	39.87 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
recode-sr-latin	15.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
redis-benchmark	1.28 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
redis-check-aof	2.79 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
redis-check-rdb	2.79 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
redis-cli	926.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
redis-sentinel	2.79 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
redis-server	2.79 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
reindexdb	57.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rename	11.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
renice	11.21 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
replace	3.51 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
repo-graph	4.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
repo-rss	10.07 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
repoclosure	11.42 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
repodiff	13.97 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
repomanage	6.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
repoquery	55.68 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
reposync	14.14 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
repotrack	9.86 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rescan-scsi-bus.sh	33.81 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
reset	19.6 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
resizecons	19.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
resolve_stack_dump	3.53 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
resolveip	3.53 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
rev	11.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rhash	71.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rkhunter	562.04 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rm	61.4 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rmail	262 B	-rwxr-xr-x
rmail.postfix	262 B	-rwxr-xr-x
rmdir	44.46 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rnano	201.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rpcgen	90.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rpm	15.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rpm2cpio	11.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rpmdb	11.73 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rpmgraph	15.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rpmkeys	11.73 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rpmquery	15.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rpmverify	15.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rrdcached	52.98 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rrdcgi	27.81 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rrdcreate	89.35 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rrdinfo	89.35 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rrdtool	27.49 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rrdupdate	89.35 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rsync	488.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rsyslog-recover-qi.pl	5.96 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
run-parts	2.04 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
run-with-aspell	85 B	-rwxr-xr-x
runcon	32.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rvi	906.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
rview	906.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
s2p	52.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sa-awl	4.91 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sa-check_spamd	14.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sa-compile	21.62 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sa-learn	44.5 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sa-update	68.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sadf	168.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sandbox	17.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sar	95.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sasl2-sample-client	19.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sasl2-sample-server	19.1 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
scp	89.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
screen	464.1 KB	-rwxr-sr-x
script	19.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
scriptreplay	15.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
scsi-rescan	33.81 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
scsi_logging_level	7.72 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
scsi_mandat	3.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
scsi_readcap	1.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
scsi_ready	1.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
scsi_satl	3.76 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
scsi_start	1.25 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
scsi_stop	1.44 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
scsi_temperature	936 B	-rwxr-xr-x
sdiff	48.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
secon	24.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sed	74.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sedismod	249.42 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sedispol	176.32 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
semodule_package	15.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
seq	48.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sessreg	11.24 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
setarch	15.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
setfacl	36.73 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
setfont	40.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
setkeycodes	11.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
setleds	11.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
setmetamode	11.21 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
setpriv	36.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
setsid	11.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
setterm	27.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
setup-nsssysinit	1.5 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
setup-nsssysinit.sh	1.5 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
setvtrgb	11.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sexp-conv	23.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sftp	142.01 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sfv-hash	71.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg	40.95 KB	-rwsr-xr-x
sg_compare_and_write	15.82 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_copy_results	20.02 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_dd	43.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_decode_sense	15.49 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_emc_trespass	11.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_format	24.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_get_config	28.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_get_lba_status	15.5 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_ident	15.46 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_inq	83.68 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_logs	92.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_luns	19.65 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_map	15.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_map26	23.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_modes	29.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_opcodes	23.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_persist	28.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_prevent	11.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_raw	19.78 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_rbuf	19.66 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_rdac	15.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_read	23.33 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_read_block_limits	11.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_read_buffer	15.53 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_read_long	15.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_readcap	19.66 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_reassign	15.54 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_referrals	15.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_requests	15.58 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_reset	11.46 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_rmsn	11.32 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_rtpg	15.39 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_safte	19.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_sanitize	19.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_sat_identify	15.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_sat_phy_event	15.87 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_sat_set_features	15.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_scan	15.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_senddiag	20.02 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_ses	67.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_start	19.7 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_stpg	19.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_sync	15.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_test_rwbuf	15.6 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_turs	15.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_unmap	15.5 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_verify	15.7 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_vpd	77.67 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_wr_mode	19.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_write_buffer	15.66 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_write_long	15.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_write_same	19.9 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sg_xcopy	35.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sginfo	65.8 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sgm_dd	31.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sgp_dd	35.83 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sh	941.93 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sha1sum	36.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sha224sum	40.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sha256sum	40.63 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sha384sum	40.65 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sha512sum	40.65 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
shasum	8.4 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
show-changed-rco	10.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
show-installed	16.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
showconsolefont	15.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
showkey	15.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
showrgb	7.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
shred	52.94 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
shuf	49.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sieve-dump	23.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sieve-filter	27.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sieve-test	27.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sievec	23.06 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
signver	102.6 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sigtool	207.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sim_client	14.97 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
size	32.35 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
skill	23.62 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
slabinfo	34.96 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
slabtop	19.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sleep	32.35 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
slogin	756.4 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
snice	23.62 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
snmpconf	25.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
socat	380.43 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
soelim	32.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sort	114.94 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sotruss	4.24 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
spamassassin	29.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
spamc	45.19 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
spamd	125.25 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
spell	122 B	-rwxr-xr-x
spfquery	4.49 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
splain	18.03 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
split	69.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sprof	22.1 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sqlite3	54.95 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ssh	756.4 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ssh-add	352.46 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ssh-agent	373.25 KB	---x--s--x
ssh-copy-id	10.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ssh-keygen	409.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ssh-keyscan	430.7 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sshpass	15.37 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ssltap	118.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
stat	77.19 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
statist	11.18 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
stdbuf	64.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
stream	7.04 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
strings	32.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
strip	227.34 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
stty	68.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
su	31.38 KB	-rwsr-xr-x
sudo	147.88 KB	---s--x--x
sudoedit	147.88 KB	---s--x--x
sudoreplay	56.11 KB	---x--x--x
sum	36.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
svn	232.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
svnadmin	67.4 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
svndumpfilter	35.32 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
svnlook	67.45 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
svnrdump	51.54 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
svnserve	83.95 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
svnsync	51.59 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
svnversion	15.15 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sxpm	19.83 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
sync	28.33 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemctl	704.8 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-analyze	1.49 MB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-ask-password	60.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-cat	39.98 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-cgls	326.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-cgtop	85.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-coredumpctl	154.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-delta	76.84 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-detect-virt	39.97 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-escape	48.2 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-firstboot	101.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-hwdb	85.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-inhibit	309.83 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-loginctl	489.62 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-machine-id-setup	52.23 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-notify	48.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-nspawn	545.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-path	52.16 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-run	387.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-stdio-bridge	305.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-sysv-convert	3.89 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-tmpfiles	146.13 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
systemd-tty-ask-password-agent	84.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tabs	15.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tac	32.48 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tail	65.25 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tailf	23.88 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tapestat	52.55 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tar	338.02 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
taskset	32.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tbl	115.96 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tcamgr	23.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tcamttest	19.37 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tcatest	52.78 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tcbmgr	27.66 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tcbmttest	47.96 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tcbtest	64.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tcfmgr	19.5 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tcfmttest	31.79 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tcftest	43.86 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tchmgr	23.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tchmttest	43.87 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tchtest	52.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tctmgr	31.82 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tctmttest	39.72 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tcttest	51.9 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tcucodec	31.75 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tcumttest	19.52 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tcutest	65.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
teamd	155.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
teamdctl	28.98 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
teamnl	19.09 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tee	32.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
test	36.46 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
testgdbm	29.77 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tic	64.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tiger-hash	71.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
timedatectl	330.22 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
timeout	53.31 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tload	15.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tmon	31.11 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
toe	15.43 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
top	104.38 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
touch	61.02 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tput	15.41 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tr	44.61 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tracepath	15.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tracepath6	15.05 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
troff	512.96 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
true	28.26 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
truncate	52.68 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
trust	179.08 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tset	19.6 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tsort	36.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tth-hash	71.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tty	28.29 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
turbostat	113.15 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
type99	4.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
tzselect	7.17 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
uconv	52.57 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ucs2any	19.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
udevadm	414.27 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
ul	19.47 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
umask	29 B	-rwxr-xr-x
umount	31.23 KB	-rwsr-xr-x
unalias	31 B	-rwxr-xr-x
uname	32.3 KB	-rwxr-xr-x
unarj	74 B	-rwxr-xr-x
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Code Editor : pt-visual-explain

#!/usr/bin/env perl

# This program is part of Percona Toolkit: http://www.percona.com/software/
# See "COPYRIGHT, LICENSE, AND WARRANTY" at the end of this file for legal
# notices and disclaimers.

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

# This tool is "fat-packed": most of its dependent modules are embedded
# in this file.  Setting %INC to this file for each module makes Perl aware
# of this so it will not try to load the module from @INC.  See the tool's
# documentation for a full list of dependencies.
BEGIN {
   $INC{$_} = __FILE__ for map { (my $pkg = "$_.pm") =~ s!::!/!g; $pkg } (qw(
      ExplainParser
      ExplainTree
      OptionParser
      DSNParser
      Daemon
   ));
}

# ###########################################################################
# Converts text (e.g. saved output) to a "recordset" -- an array of hashrefs
# -- just like EXPLAIN does for selectall_arrayref({}).
# ###########################################################################
package ExplainParser;

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

sub new {
   bless {}, shift;
}

sub parse_tabular {
   my ( $text, @cols ) = @_;
   my %row;
   my @vals = $text =~ m/\| +([^\|]*?)(?= +\|)/msg;
   return (undef, \@vals) unless @cols;
   @row{@cols} = @vals;
   return (\%row, undef);
}

sub parse_tab_sep {
   my ( $text, @cols ) = @_;
   my %row;
   my @vals = split(/\t/, $text);
   return (undef, \@vals) unless @cols;
   @row{@cols} = @vals;
   return (\%row, undef);
}

sub parse_vertical {
   my ( $text, @cols ) = @_;
   my %row = $text =~ m/^ *(\w+): ([^\n]*) *$/msg;
   return (\%row, undef);
}

sub parse {
   my ($self, $text) = @_;
   my $started = 0;
   my $lines   = 0;
   my @cols    = ();
   my @result  = ();

# Detect which kind of input it is
   my ( $line_re, $vals_sub );
   if ( $text =~ m/^\+---/m ) { # standard "tabular" output
      $line_re  = qr/^(\| .*)[\r\n]+/m;
      $vals_sub = \&parse_tabular;
   }
   elsif ( $text =~ m/^id\tselect_type\t/m ) { # tab-separated
      $line_re  = qr/^(.*?\t.*)[\r\n]+/m;
      $vals_sub = \&parse_tab_sep;
   }
   elsif ( $text =~ m/\*\*\* 1. row/ ) { # "vertical" output
      $line_re  = qr/^( *.*?^ *Extra:[^\n]*$)/ms;
      $vals_sub = \&parse_vertical;
   }

if ( $line_re ) {
      # Pull it apart into lines and parse them.
      LINE:
      foreach my $line ( $text =~ m/$line_re/g ) {
         my ($row, $cols) = $vals_sub->($line, @cols);
         if ( $row ) {
            foreach my $key ( keys %$row ) {
               if ( !$row->{$key} || $row->{$key} eq 'NULL' ) {
                  $row->{$key} = undef;
               }
            }
            push @result, $row;
         }
         else {
            @cols = @$cols;
         }
      }
   }

return \@result;
}

# ###########################################################################
# Converts output of EXPLAIN into a human-readable tree.
# ###########################################################################
package ExplainTree;

use List::Util qw(max);
use Data::Dumper;

sub new {
   my ( $class, $options ) = @_;
   my $self = bless {}, $class;
   $self->load_options($options);
   return $self;
}

sub load_options {
   my ( $self, $options ) = @_;
   if ( $options && ref $options eq 'HASH' ) {
      @{$self}{keys %$options} = values %$options;
   }
   else {
      delete @{$self}{keys %$self};
   }
}

sub parse {
   my ( $self, $text, $options ) = @_;
   return $self->process(ExplainParser->new->parse($text), $options);
}

# The main method that turns a result set into a tree.  Accepts an arrayref of
# hashrefs which correspond to the rows in EXPLAIN.  See the ALGORITHM in the
# documentation for a small novel about this process.
sub process {
   my ( $self, $rows, $options ) = @_;
   $self->load_options($options);
   return unless ref $rows eq 'ARRAY' && @$rows;

# Pre-process and sanity check the rows.
   my @rows = @$rows;
   foreach my $i ( 0 .. $#rows ) {
      my $row = $rows[$i];
      $row->{rowid} = $i;
      $row->{Extra} ||= '';

# The source code says if there are too many tables unioned together, the
      # table column will get truncated, like "<union1,2,3,4...>".  If this
      # happens, I've got to bail out.  I'm not going to check all the source
      # code for all versions, but in 5.0 it looks like I can get this to happen
      # around table 20.
      die "UNION has too many tables: $row->{table}"
         if $row->{table} && $row->{table} =~ m/\./;

if ( !defined $row->{id} ) {
         if ( $row->{table} && (my ($id) = $row->{table} =~ m/^<union(\d+)/) ) {
            $row->{id} = $id;
         }
         else {
            die "Unexpected NULL in id column, please report as a bug";
         }
      }
   }

# Re-order the rows so all references are forward.
   my %union_for
      = map  { $_->{id} => $_ }
        grep { $_->{select_type} eq 'UNION RESULT' }
        @rows;

my $last_id = 0;
   my @reordered;
   foreach my $row ( grep { $_->{select_type} ne 'UNION RESULT' } @rows ) {
      if ( $last_id != $row->{id} && $union_for{$row->{id}} ) {
         push @reordered, $union_for{$row->{id}};
      }
      push @reordered, $row;
      $last_id = $row->{id};
   }

# Process the rows recursively.
   my $tree = $self->build_query_plan(@reordered);

return $tree;
}

sub build_query_plan {
   my ( $self, @rows ) = @_;

if ( !@rows ) {
      die "I got no rows";
   }

# Is it a UNION RESULT?  Split it up into sub-scopes and recurse.
   if ( $rows[0]->{select_type} eq 'UNION RESULT' ) {
      my $row = shift @rows;
      my @kids;
      my @ids   = $row->{table} =~ m/(\d+)/g;
      my $enclosing_scope;
      if ( $rows[0]->{select_type} =~ m/SUBQUERY/ ) {
         $enclosing_scope = $rows[0];
      }
      foreach my $i ( 0 .. $#ids ) {
         my $start = $self->index_of($ids[$i], @rows);
         my $end   = $i < $#ids ? $self->index_of($ids[$i + 1], @rows) : @rows;
         push @kids, $self->build_query_plan(splice(@rows, $start, $end - $start));
      }
      $row->{children} = [ @kids ];
      $row->{table}    = "union("
         . join(',', map { $self->recursive_table_name($_) || '<none>' } @kids)
         . ")";
      my $tree = $self->transform($row);
      if ( $enclosing_scope ) {
         my $node = $self->transform($enclosing_scope);
         $node->{children} = [ $tree ];
         $tree = $node;
      }
      return $tree;
   }

# Are there DERIVED tables?  If so, find its children and pull them out of the
   # list under it.
   while ( my ($der) = grep { $_->{table} && $_->{table} =~ m/^<derived\d+>$/ } @rows ) {

# Figure out the start and end of the derived scope.
      my ($der_id) = $der->{table} =~ m/^<derived(\d+)>$/;
      my $start    = $self->index_of($der_id, @rows);
      my $end      = $start;
      while ( $end < @rows && $rows[$end]->{id} >= $der_id ) {
         $end++;
      }

# Get the rows that belong to this scope and recurse.
      my @enclosed_scope = splice(@rows, $start, $end - $start);
      my $kids           = $self->build_query_plan(@enclosed_scope);
      $der->{children}   = [$kids];
      $der->{table}      = "derived(" . ($self->recursive_table_name($kids) || '<none>') . ")";
   }

# Handle the "normal case."  For each node, if the id is the same as the last
   # one, JOIN and continue.  If the id is greater, it's a subquery, so should
   # be recursed.

# But, filesort/temporary have to be handled specially, because they appear
   # in the first row, even if they are done later.  Here are the cases,
   # according to http://s.petrunia.net/blog/?p=24:

# ... MySQL has three ways to run a join and produce ordered output:
   # Method                               EXPLAIN output
   # ##################################   ####################################
   # Use index-based access method that   no mention of filesort
   # produces ordered output
   # ----------------------------------   ------------------------------------
   # Use filesort() on 1st non-constant   "Using filesort" in the first row
   # table
   # ----------------------------------   ------------------------------------
   # Put join result into a temporary     "Using temporary; Using filesort" in
   # table and use filesort() on it       the first row
   # ----------------------------------   ------------------------------------

my $first = shift(@rows);

# This is "case three" above.
   my $is_temp_filesort;
   if ( $first->{Extra} =~ m/Using temporary; Using filesort/ ) {
      # The entire join is being placed into a temporary table and filesorted,
      # so I'll make a note of that and apply it afterwards.  In the meantime I
      # must remove mention of it from the node so the node doesn't get extra
      # transformations in transform().
      $is_temp_filesort = 1;
      $first->{Extra} =~ s/Using temporary; Using filesort(?:; )?//;
   }

# This is "case two" above.  Must find first non-constant table and move
   # the filesort() there.
   elsif ( $first->{Extra} =~ m/Using filesort/ && $first->{type} =~ m/^(?:system|const)$/ ) {
      my ( $first_non_const ) = grep { $_->{type} !~ m/^(?:system|const)$/ } @rows;
      if ( $first_non_const ) {
         $first->{Extra} =~ s/Using filesort(?:; )?//;
         $first_non_const->{Extra} .= '; Using filesort';
      }
   }

my $scope = $first->{id};
   my $tree  = $self->transform($first);
   my $i     = 0;
   while ( $i < @rows ) {
      my $row = $rows[$i];
      if ( $row->{id} == $scope ) {
         $tree = {
            type     => 'JOIN',
            children => [ $tree, $self->transform($row) ],
         };
         $i++;
      }
      else {
         # It's another kind of "join".  Find the enclosing scope boundaries and
         # recurse.  The scope starts at $i.
         my $end = $i;
         while ( $end < @rows && $rows[$end]->{id} >= $row->{id} ) {
            $end++;
         }
         my @enclosed_scope = splice(@rows, $i, $end - $i);
         $tree = {
            type     => $row->{select_type},
            children => [ $tree, $self->build_query_plan(@enclosed_scope) ],
         };
         # Don't increment the pointer because I just removed rows from @rows.
         # $i++
      }
   }

if ( $is_temp_filesort ) {
      $tree = $self->filesort(
         $self->temporary($tree, $self->recursive_table_name($tree)));
   }

return $tree;
}

sub transform {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;

my $sub = $row->{type};

# ##################################################################
   # Dispatch to a class method to generate the tree.
   # ##################################################################
   my $no_matching_row = join('|',
      "Impossible (?:WHERE|HAVING)(?: noticed after reading const tables)?",
      'No matching.*row',
      '(?:unique|const) row not found',
   );
   my $node
      = $sub
         ? $self->$sub($row)
      : $row->{Extra} =~ m/No tables/
         ? { type => ( $row->{select_type} !~ m/^(?:PRIMARY|SIMPLE)$/
                     ? $row->{select_type}
                     : 'DUAL') }
      : $row->{Extra} =~ m/(?:$no_matching_row)/i
         ? { type => 'IMPOSSIBLE' }
      : $row->{Extra} =~ m/optimized away/
         ? { type => 'CONSTANT' }
      : die "Can't handle " . Dumper($row);

my ($warn) = $row->{Extra} =~ m/($no_matching_row)/;
   if ( $warn ) {
      $node->{warning} = $warn;
   }

# ##################################################################
   # Apply other tree transformations.
   # ##################################################################
   if ( $row->{Extra} =~ m/Using where/ ) {
      $node = {
         type     => 'Filter with WHERE',
         children => [$node],
      };
   }

if ( $row->{Extra} =~ m/Using join buffer/ ) {
      $node = {
         type     => 'Join buffer',
         children => [$node],
      };
   }

if ( $row->{Extra} =~ m/Distinct|Not exists/ ) {
      $node = {
         type     => 'Distinct/Not-Exists',
         children => [$node],
      };
   }

if ( $row->{Extra} =~ m/Range checked for each record $\w+ map: ([^$]+)\)/ ) {
      # (index map: N) is a bitmap of which indexes are used.  For example:
      #  0x5  base 16 (or base 10)
      # 0101  base 2
      # 4321  position of bits
      #  3 1  indexes used
      my $bitmap = eval "int($1)";                    # Hex to decimal if it begins with '0x'
      $bitmap    = unpack("B32", pack("N", $bitmap)); # Convert into binary string of 1/0
      $bitmap    =~ s/^0+//;                          # Remove leading zeros
      $bitmap    = reverse $bitmap;                   # Iterate from left-to-right
      my $possible_keys = join(',',
         grep { substr($bitmap, $_ - 1, 1) }
        ( 1 .. length($bitmap) ));
      $node = {
         type          => 'Re-evaluate indexes each row',
         possible_keys => $possible_keys,
         children      => [$node],
      };
   }

if ( $row->{Extra} =~ m/Using filesort/ ) {
      $node = $self->filesort($node);
   }

if ( $row->{Extra} =~ m/Using temporary/ ) {
      $node = $self->temporary($node, $row->{table}, 1);
   }

# Add some data that will help me keep track of nodes as I manipulate
   # them later
   $node->{id}    = $row->{id};
   $node->{rowid} = $row->{rowid};

return $node;
}

sub index_of {
   my ( $self, $id, @rows ) = @_;
   my $i = 0;
   foreach my $row ( @rows ) {
      if ( $row->{id} && $row->{id} == $id ) {
         return $i;
      }
      $i++;
   }
   die "Can't find row $id in "
      . join(',', map { $_->{id} || '' } @rows);
}

sub pretty_print {
   my ( $self, $node, $prefix ) = @_;
   $prefix ||= '';
   my $branch = $prefix ? substr($prefix, 0, length($prefix) -3) . '+- ' : '';
   my $output = $branch . $node->{type} . "\n";

my @kids;
   if ( $node->{children} ) {
      @kids   = reverse @{$node->{children}};
   }
   my $suffix = (@kids > 1) ? '|  ' : '   ';

foreach my $thing ( qw(table key partitions possible_keys method key_len ref rows warning) ) {
      if ( defined $node->{$thing} ) {
         $output .= $prefix . sprintf('%-14s %s', $thing, $node->{$thing}) . "\n";
      }
   }

my $last_child = pop @kids;
   foreach my $child ( @kids ) {
      $output .= $self->pretty_print($child, $prefix . $suffix);
   }
   if ( $last_child ) {
      $output .= $self->pretty_print($last_child, $prefix . '   ');
   }
   return $output;
}

#############################################################################
# Each method in this section corresponds to a value you will find in the 'type'
# column in EXPLAIN.
#############################################################################

sub ALL {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;
   return {
      type     => 'Table scan',
      rows     => $row->{rows},
      children => [$self->table($row)],
   };
}

sub fulltext {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;
   return $self->index_access($row, 'Fulltext scan');
}

sub range {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;
   return $self->index_access($row, 'Index range scan');
}

sub index {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;
   return $self->index_access($row, 'Index scan');
}

sub eq_ref {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;
   return $self->index_access($row, 'Unique index lookup');
}

sub ref {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;
   return $self->index_access($row, 'Index lookup');
}

sub ref_or_null {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;
   return $self->index_access($row, 'Index lookup with extra null lookup');
}

sub const {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;
   return $self->index_access($row, 'Constant index lookup');
}

sub system {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;
   return {
      type => 'Constant table access',
      rows     => $row->{rows},
      children => [$self->table($row)],
   };
}

sub unique_subquery {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;
   return $self->index_access($row, 'Unique subquery');
}

sub index_subquery {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;
   return $self->index_access($row, 'Index subquery');
}

# From the manual: "The Index Merge method is used to retrieve rows with
# several range scans and to merge their results into one."  Therefore each
# index access should be shown as an index range scan.  The unions and
# intersections can be recursive, as in
# union(intersect(key1,key2),intersect(key3,key4))
sub index_merge {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;
   my ( $merge_spec )
      = $row->{Extra} =~ m/Using ((?:intersect|union|sort_union)$.*?$)(?=;|$)/;
   my ($merge, $num) = $self->recurse_index_merge($row, $merge_spec, 0);

# index_merge_bookmark_lookup note:
   # From the manual, "If the used indexes don't cover all columns used in the
   # query, full rows are retrieved only when the range conditions for all
   # used keys are satisfied."  So a bookmark lookup shouldn't be shown for
   # all indexes; it should be shown from the merge results.
   return $self->bookmark_lookup($merge, $row);
}

# ###########################################################################
# Helper subroutines.
# ###########################################################################

sub recursive_table_name {
   my ( $self, $node ) = @_;
   if ( $node->{table} ) {
      return $node->{table};
   }
   if ( $node->{key} ) {
      my ( $table ) = $node->{key} =~ m/(.*?)->/;
      return $table;
   }
   if ( $node->{type} eq 'Bookmark lookup' ) {
      return $node->{children}->[1]->{table};
   }
   if ( $node->{type} eq 'IMPOSSIBLE' ) {
      return '<none>';
   }
   if ( $node->{children} ) {
      return join(',',
         grep { $_ }
         map  { $self->recursive_table_name($_) }
              @{$node->{children}});
   }
}

# $num is the number of nodes to the left of this node in a depth-first
# traversal.  It lets me figure out which value goes in key_len.
my $bal; # Workaround for issue 90 (Variable "$bal" will not stay shared).
sub recurse_index_merge {
   my ( $self, $row, $spec, $num ) = @_;
   my ($type, $args) = $spec =~ m/(intersect|union|sort_union)$(.*)$$/;

my @children;

# See 'man perlre' and search for 'matches a parenthesized group'.
   $bal = qr/
      $
      (?:
         (?> [^()]+ )    # Non-parens without backtracking
         |
         (??{ $bal })     # Group with matching parens
      )*
      $
   /x;

# Extract a thing, followed by balanced parentheses.
   foreach my $child ( $args =~ m/(\w+$bal)/g ) {
      my ( $subtree, $num ) = $self->recurse_index_merge($row, $child, $num);
      push @children, $subtree;
   }

if ( !@children ) { # Recursion base case; $args is an index list
      foreach my $idx ( split(/,/, $args) ) {
         my $index_scan = $self->index_access($row, 'Index range scan', $idx);
         $index_scan->{key_len} = ($row->{key_len} =~ m/(\d+)/g)[$num++];
         push @children, $index_scan;
      }
   }

return (
      {
         type     => 'Index merge',
         method   => $type,
         rows     => $row->{rows},
         children => \@children,
      },
      $num
   );

}

sub table {
   my ( $self, $row ) = @_;
   my $node = {
      type          => ($row->{table} && $row->{table} =~ m/^(derived|union)\(/)
                       ? uc $1
                       : 'Table',
      table         => $row->{table},
      possible_keys => $row->{possible_keys},
      partitions    => $row->{partitions},
   };
   if ( $row->{children} ) {
      $node->{children} = $row->{children};
   }
   return $node;
}

sub bookmark_lookup {
   my ( $self, $node, $row ) = @_;
   if ( $row->{Extra} =~ m/Using index/
         || ( $self->{clustered} && $row->{key} && $row->{key} eq 'PRIMARY' ))
   {
      return $node;
   }
   return {
      type     => 'Bookmark lookup',
      children => [ $node, $self->table($row) ],
   };
}

sub filesort {
   my ( $self, $node ) = @_;
   return {
      type     => 'Filesort',
      children => [$node],
   };
}

sub temporary {
   my ( $self, $node, $table_name, $is_scan ) = @_;
   $node = {
      type          => 'TEMPORARY',
      table         => "temporary($table_name)",
      possible_keys => undef,
      partitions    => undef,
      children      => [$node],
   };
   if ( $is_scan ) {
      $node = {
         type     => 'Table scan',
         rows     => undef,
         children => [ $node ],
      };
   }
   return $node;
}

sub index_access {
   my ( $self, $row, $type, $key ) = @_;
   my $node = {
      type          => $type,
      key           => $row->{table} . '->' . ( $key || $row->{key} ),
      possible_keys => $row->{possible_keys},
      partitions    => $row->{partitions},
      key_len       => $row->{key_len},
      'ref'         => $row->{ref},
      rows          => $row->{rows},
   };
   if ( $row->{Extra} =~ m/Full scan on NULL key/ ) {
      $node->{warning} = 'Full scan on NULL key';
   }
   if ( $row->{Extra} =~ m/Using index for group-by/ ) {
      $node->{type} = 'Loose index scan';
   }
   # See index_merge_bookmark_lookup note above.
   if ( $row->{type} ne 'index_merge' ) {
      $node = $self->bookmark_lookup($node, $row);
   }
   return $node;
}

# ###########################################################################
# OptionParser package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the Bazaar repository at,
#   lib/OptionParser.pm
#   t/lib/OptionParser.t
# See https://launchpad.net/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package OptionParser;

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use constant PTDEBUG => $ENV{PTDEBUG} || 0;

use List::Util qw(max);
use Getopt::Long;
use Data::Dumper;

my $POD_link_re = '[LC]<"?([^">]+)"?>';

sub new {
   my ( $class, %args ) = @_;
   my @required_args = qw();
   foreach my $arg ( @required_args ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }

my ($program_name) = $PROGRAM_NAME =~ m/([.A-Za-z-]+)$/;
   $program_name ||= $PROGRAM_NAME;
   my $home = $ENV{HOME} || $ENV{HOMEPATH} || $ENV{USERPROFILE} || '.';

my %attributes = (
      'type'       => 1,
      'short form' => 1,
      'group'      => 1,
      'default'    => 1,
      'cumulative' => 1,
      'negatable'  => 1,
   );

my $self = {
      head1             => 'OPTIONS',        # These args are used internally
      skip_rules        => 0,                # to instantiate another Option-
      item              => '--(.*)',         # Parser obj that parses the
      attributes        => \%attributes,     # DSN OPTIONS section.  Tools
      parse_attributes  => \&_parse_attribs, # don't tinker with these args.

%args,

strict            => 1,  # disabled by a special rule
      program_name      => $program_name,
      opts              => {},
      got_opts          => 0,
      short_opts        => {},
      defaults          => {},
      groups            => {},
      allowed_groups    => {},
      errors            => [],
      rules             => [],  # desc of rules for --help
      mutex             => [],  # rule: opts are mutually exclusive
      atleast1          => [],  # rule: at least one opt is required
      disables          => {},  # rule: opt disables other opts 
      defaults_to       => {},  # rule: opt defaults to value of other opt
      DSNParser         => undef,
      default_files     => [
         "/etc/percona-toolkit/percona-toolkit.conf",
         "/etc/percona-toolkit/$program_name.conf",
         "$home/.percona-toolkit.conf",
         "$home/.$program_name.conf",
      ],
      types             => {
         string => 's', # standard Getopt type
         int    => 'i', # standard Getopt type
         float  => 'f', # standard Getopt type
         Hash   => 'H', # hash, formed from a comma-separated list
         hash   => 'h', # hash as above, but only if a value is given
         Array  => 'A', # array, similar to Hash
         array  => 'a', # array, similar to hash
         DSN    => 'd', # DSN
         size   => 'z', # size with kMG suffix (powers of 2^10)
         time   => 'm', # time, with an optional suffix of s/h/m/d
      },
   };

return bless $self, $class;
}

sub get_specs {
   my ( $self, $file ) = @_;
   $file ||= $self->{file} || __FILE__;
   my @specs = $self->_pod_to_specs($file);
   $self->_parse_specs(@specs);

open my $fh, "<", $file or die "Cannot open $file: $OS_ERROR";
   my $contents = do { local $/ = undef; <$fh> };
   close $fh;
   if ( $contents =~ m/^=head1 DSN OPTIONS/m ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing DSN OPTIONS');
      my $dsn_attribs = {
         dsn  => 1,
         copy => 1,
      };
      my $parse_dsn_attribs = sub {
         my ( $self, $option, $attribs ) = @_;
         map {
            my $val = $attribs->{$_};
            if ( $val ) {
               $val    = $val eq 'yes' ? 1
                       : $val eq 'no'  ? 0
                       :                 $val;
               $attribs->{$_} = $val;
            }
         } keys %$attribs;
         return {
            key => $option,
            %$attribs,
         };
      };
      my $dsn_o = new OptionParser(
         description       => 'DSN OPTIONS',
         head1             => 'DSN OPTIONS',
         dsn               => 0,         # XXX don't infinitely recurse!
         item              => '\* (.)',  # key opts are a single character
         skip_rules        => 1,         # no rules before opts
         attributes        => $dsn_attribs,
         parse_attributes  => $parse_dsn_attribs,
      );
      my @dsn_opts = map {
         my $opts = {
            key  => $_->{spec}->{key},
            dsn  => $_->{spec}->{dsn},
            copy => $_->{spec}->{copy},
            desc => $_->{desc},
         };
         $opts;
      } $dsn_o->_pod_to_specs($file);
      $self->{DSNParser} = DSNParser->new(opts => \@dsn_opts);
   }

if ( $contents =~ m/^=head1 VERSION\n\n^(.+)$/m ) {
      $self->{version} = $1;
      PTDEBUG && _d($self->{version});
   }

return;
}

sub DSNParser {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   return $self->{DSNParser};
};

sub get_defaults_files {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   return @{$self->{default_files}};
}

sub _pod_to_specs {
   my ( $self, $file ) = @_;
   $file ||= $self->{file} || __FILE__;
   open my $fh, '<', $file or die "Cannot open $file: $OS_ERROR";

my @specs = ();
   my @rules = ();
   my $para;

local $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR = '';
   while ( $para = <$fh> ) {
      next unless $para =~ m/^=head1 $self->{head1}/;
      last;
   }

while ( $para = <$fh> ) {
      last if $para =~ m/^=over/;
      next if $self->{skip_rules};
      chomp $para;
      $para =~ s/\s+/ /g;
      $para =~ s/$POD_link_re/$1/go;
      PTDEBUG && _d('Option rule:', $para);
      push @rules, $para;
   }

die "POD has no $self->{head1} section" unless $para;

do {
      if ( my ($option) = $para =~ m/^=item $self->{item}/ ) {
         chomp $para;
         PTDEBUG && _d($para);
         my %attribs;

$para = <$fh>; # read next paragraph, possibly attributes

if ( $para =~ m/: / ) { # attributes
            $para =~ s/\s+\Z//g;
            %attribs = map {
                  my ( $attrib, $val) = split(/: /, $_);
                  die "Unrecognized attribute for --$option: $attrib"
                     unless $self->{attributes}->{$attrib};
                  ($attrib, $val);
               } split(/; /, $para);
            if ( $attribs{'short form'} ) {
               $attribs{'short form'} =~ s/-//;
            }
            $para = <$fh>; # read next paragraph, probably short help desc
         }
         else {
            PTDEBUG && _d('Option has no attributes');
         }

$para =~ s/\s+\Z//g;
         $para =~ s/\s+/ /g;
         $para =~ s/$POD_link_re/$1/go;

$para =~ s/\.(?:\n.*| [A-Z].*|\Z)//s;
         PTDEBUG && _d('Short help:', $para);

die "No description after option spec $option" if $para =~ m/^=item/;

if ( my ($base_option) =  $option =~ m/^\[no\](.*)/ ) {
            $option = $base_option;
            $attribs{'negatable'} = 1;
         }

push @specs, {
            spec  => $self->{parse_attributes}->($self, $option, \%attribs), 
            desc  => $para
               . (defined $attribs{default} ? " (default $attribs{default})" : ''),
            group => ($attribs{'group'} ? $attribs{'group'} : 'default'),
         };
      }
      while ( $para = <$fh> ) {
         last unless $para;
         if ( $para =~ m/^=head1/ ) {
            $para = undef; # Can't 'last' out of a do {} block.
            last;
         }
         last if $para =~ m/^=item /;
      }
   } while ( $para );

die "No valid specs in $self->{head1}" unless @specs;

close $fh;
   return @specs, @rules;
}

sub _parse_specs {
   my ( $self, @specs ) = @_;
   my %disables; # special rule that requires deferred checking

foreach my $opt ( @specs ) {
      if ( ref $opt ) { # It's an option spec, not a rule.
         PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing opt spec:',
            map { ($_, '=>', $opt->{$_}) } keys %$opt);

my ( $long, $short ) = $opt->{spec} =~ m/^([\w-]+)(?:\|([^!+=]*))?/;
         if ( !$long ) {
            die "Cannot parse long option from spec $opt->{spec}";
         }
         $opt->{long} = $long;

die "Duplicate long option --$long" if exists $self->{opts}->{$long};
         $self->{opts}->{$long} = $opt;

if ( length $long == 1 ) {
            PTDEBUG && _d('Long opt', $long, 'looks like short opt');
            $self->{short_opts}->{$long} = $long;
         }

if ( $short ) {
            die "Duplicate short option -$short"
               if exists $self->{short_opts}->{$short};
            $self->{short_opts}->{$short} = $long;
            $opt->{short} = $short;
         }
         else {
            $opt->{short} = undef;
         }

$opt->{is_negatable}  = $opt->{spec} =~ m/!/        ? 1 : 0;
         $opt->{is_cumulative} = $opt->{spec} =~ m/\+/       ? 1 : 0;
         $opt->{is_required}   = $opt->{desc} =~ m/required/ ? 1 : 0;

$opt->{group} ||= 'default';
         $self->{groups}->{ $opt->{group} }->{$long} = 1;

$opt->{value} = undef;
         $opt->{got}   = 0;

my ( $type ) = $opt->{spec} =~ m/=(.)/;
         $opt->{type} = $type;
         PTDEBUG && _d($long, 'type:', $type);

$opt->{spec} =~ s/=./=s/ if ( $type && $type =~ m/[HhAadzm]/ );

if ( (my ($def) = $opt->{desc} =~ m/default\b(?: ([^)]+))?/) ) {
            $self->{defaults}->{$long} = defined $def ? $def : 1;
            PTDEBUG && _d($long, 'default:', $def);
         }

if ( $long eq 'config' ) {
            $self->{defaults}->{$long} = join(',', $self->get_defaults_files());
         }

if ( (my ($dis) = $opt->{desc} =~ m/(disables .*)/) ) {
            $disables{$long} = $dis;
            PTDEBUG && _d('Deferring check of disables rule for', $opt, $dis);
         }

$self->{opts}->{$long} = $opt;
      }
      else { # It's an option rule, not a spec.
         PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing rule:', $opt); 
         push @{$self->{rules}}, $opt;
         my @participants = $self->_get_participants($opt);
         my $rule_ok = 0;

if ( $opt =~ m/mutually exclusive|one and only one/ ) {
            $rule_ok = 1;
            push @{$self->{mutex}}, \@participants;
            PTDEBUG && _d(@participants, 'are mutually exclusive');
         }
         if ( $opt =~ m/at least one|one and only one/ ) {
            $rule_ok = 1;
            push @{$self->{atleast1}}, \@participants;
            PTDEBUG && _d(@participants, 'require at least one');
         }
         if ( $opt =~ m/default to/ ) {
            $rule_ok = 1;
            $self->{defaults_to}->{$participants[0]} = $participants[1];
            PTDEBUG && _d($participants[0], 'defaults to', $participants[1]);
         }
         if ( $opt =~ m/restricted to option groups/ ) {
            $rule_ok = 1;
            my ($groups) = $opt =~ m/groups ([\w\s\,]+)/;
            my @groups = split(',', $groups);
            %{$self->{allowed_groups}->{$participants[0]}} = map {
               s/\s+//;
               $_ => 1;
            } @groups;
         }
         if( $opt =~ m/accepts additional command-line arguments/ ) {
            $rule_ok = 1;
            $self->{strict} = 0;
            PTDEBUG && _d("Strict mode disabled by rule");
         }

die "Unrecognized option rule: $opt" unless $rule_ok;
      }
   }

foreach my $long ( keys %disables ) {
      my @participants = $self->_get_participants($disables{$long});
      $self->{disables}->{$long} = \@participants;
      PTDEBUG && _d('Option', $long, 'disables', @participants);
   }

return; 
}

sub _get_participants {
   my ( $self, $str ) = @_;
   my @participants;
   foreach my $long ( $str =~ m/--(?:\[no\])?([\w-]+)/g ) {
      die "Option --$long does not exist while processing rule $str"
         unless exists $self->{opts}->{$long};
      push @participants, $long;
   }
   PTDEBUG && _d('Participants for', $str, ':', @participants);
   return @participants;
}

sub opts {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   my %opts = %{$self->{opts}};
   return %opts;
}

sub short_opts {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   my %short_opts = %{$self->{short_opts}};
   return %short_opts;
}

sub set_defaults {
   my ( $self, %defaults ) = @_;
   $self->{defaults} = {};
   foreach my $long ( keys %defaults ) {
      die "Cannot set default for nonexistent option $long"
         unless exists $self->{opts}->{$long};
      $self->{defaults}->{$long} = $defaults{$long};
      PTDEBUG && _d('Default val for', $long, ':', $defaults{$long});
   }
   return;
}

sub get_defaults {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   return $self->{defaults};
}

sub get_groups {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   return $self->{groups};
}

sub _set_option {
   my ( $self, $opt, $val ) = @_;
   my $long = exists $self->{opts}->{$opt}       ? $opt
            : exists $self->{short_opts}->{$opt} ? $self->{short_opts}->{$opt}
            : die "Getopt::Long gave a nonexistent option: $opt";
   $opt = $self->{opts}->{$long};
   if ( $opt->{is_cumulative} ) {
      $opt->{value}++;
   }
   elsif ( ($opt->{type} || '') eq 's' && $val =~ m/^--?(.+)/ ) {
      my $next_opt = $1;
      if (    exists $self->{opts}->{$next_opt}
           || exists $self->{short_opts}->{$next_opt} ) {
         $self->save_error("--$long requires a string value");
         return;
      }
      else {
         $opt->{value} = $val;
      }
   }
   else {
      $opt->{value} = $val;
   }
   $opt->{got} = 1;
   PTDEBUG && _d('Got option', $long, '=', $val);
}

sub get_opts {
   my ( $self ) = @_;

foreach my $long ( keys %{$self->{opts}} ) {
      $self->{opts}->{$long}->{got} = 0;
      $self->{opts}->{$long}->{value}
         = exists $self->{defaults}->{$long}       ? $self->{defaults}->{$long}
         : $self->{opts}->{$long}->{is_cumulative} ? 0
         : undef;
   }
   $self->{got_opts} = 0;

$self->{errors} = [];

if ( @ARGV && $ARGV[0] eq "--config" ) {
      shift @ARGV;
      $self->_set_option('config', shift @ARGV);
   }
   if ( $self->has('config') ) {
      my @extra_args;
      foreach my $filename ( split(',', $self->get('config')) ) {
         eval {
            push @extra_args, $self->_read_config_file($filename);
         };
         if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
            if ( $self->got('config') ) {
               die $EVAL_ERROR;
            }
            elsif ( PTDEBUG ) {
               _d($EVAL_ERROR);
            }
         }
      }
      unshift @ARGV, @extra_args;
   }

Getopt::Long::Configure('no_ignore_case', 'bundling');
   GetOptions(
      map    { $_->{spec} => sub { $self->_set_option(@_); } }
      grep   { $_->{long} ne 'config' } # --config is handled specially above.
      values %{$self->{opts}}
   ) or $self->save_error('Error parsing options');

if ( exists $self->{opts}->{version} && $self->{opts}->{version}->{got} ) {
      if ( $self->{version} ) {
         print $self->{version}, "\n";
      }
      else {
         print "Error parsing version.  See the VERSION section of the tool's documentation.\n";
      }
      exit 1;
   }

if ( @ARGV && $self->{strict} ) {
      $self->save_error("Unrecognized command-line options @ARGV");
   }

foreach my $mutex ( @{$self->{mutex}} ) {
      my @set = grep { $self->{opts}->{$_}->{got} } @$mutex;
      if ( @set > 1 ) {
         my $err = join(', ', map { "--$self->{opts}->{$_}->{long}" }
                      @{$mutex}[ 0 .. scalar(@$mutex) - 2] )
                 . ' and --'.$self->{opts}->{$mutex->[-1]}->{long}
                 . ' are mutually exclusive.';
         $self->save_error($err);
      }
   }

foreach my $required ( @{$self->{atleast1}} ) {
      my @set = grep { $self->{opts}->{$_}->{got} } @$required;
      if ( @set == 0 ) {
         my $err = join(', ', map { "--$self->{opts}->{$_}->{long}" }
                      @{$required}[ 0 .. scalar(@$required) - 2] )
                 .' or --'.$self->{opts}->{$required->[-1]}->{long};
         $self->save_error("Specify at least one of $err");
      }
   }

$self->_check_opts( keys %{$self->{opts}} );
   $self->{got_opts} = 1;
   return;
}

sub _check_opts {
   my ( $self, @long ) = @_;
   my $long_last = scalar @long;
   while ( @long ) {
      foreach my $i ( 0..$#long ) {
         my $long = $long[$i];
         next unless $long;
         my $opt  = $self->{opts}->{$long};
         if ( $opt->{got} ) {
            if ( exists $self->{disables}->{$long} ) {
               my @disable_opts = @{$self->{disables}->{$long}};
               map { $self->{opts}->{$_}->{value} = undef; } @disable_opts;
               PTDEBUG && _d('Unset options', @disable_opts,
                  'because', $long,'disables them');
            }

if ( exists $self->{allowed_groups}->{$long} ) {

my @restricted_groups = grep {
                  !exists $self->{allowed_groups}->{$long}->{$_}
               } keys %{$self->{groups}};

my @restricted_opts;
               foreach my $restricted_group ( @restricted_groups ) {
                  RESTRICTED_OPT:
                  foreach my $restricted_opt (
                     keys %{$self->{groups}->{$restricted_group}} )
                  {
                     next RESTRICTED_OPT if $restricted_opt eq $long;
                     push @restricted_opts, $restricted_opt
                        if $self->{opts}->{$restricted_opt}->{got};
                  }
               }

if ( @restricted_opts ) {
                  my $err;
                  if ( @restricted_opts == 1 ) {
                     $err = "--$restricted_opts[0]";
                  }
                  else {
                     $err = join(', ',
                               map { "--$self->{opts}->{$_}->{long}" }
                               grep { $_ } 
                               @restricted_opts[0..scalar(@restricted_opts) - 2]
                            )
                          . ' or --'.$self->{opts}->{$restricted_opts[-1]}->{long};
                  }
                  $self->save_error("--$long is not allowed with $err");
               }
            }

}
         elsif ( $opt->{is_required} ) { 
            $self->save_error("Required option --$long must be specified");
         }

$self->_validate_type($opt);
         if ( $opt->{parsed} ) {
            delete $long[$i];
         }
         else {
            PTDEBUG && _d('Temporarily failed to parse', $long);
         }
      }

die "Failed to parse options, possibly due to circular dependencies"
         if @long == $long_last;
      $long_last = @long;
   }

return;
}

sub _validate_type {
   my ( $self, $opt ) = @_;
   return unless $opt;

if ( !$opt->{type} ) {
      $opt->{parsed} = 1;
      return;
   }

my $val = $opt->{value};

if ( $val && $opt->{type} eq 'm' ) {  # type time
      PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing option', $opt->{long}, 'as a time value');
      my ( $prefix, $num, $suffix ) = $val =~ m/([+-]?)(\d+)([a-z])?$/;
      if ( !$suffix ) {
         my ( $s ) = $opt->{desc} =~ m/$suffix (.)$/;
         $suffix = $s || 's';
         PTDEBUG && _d('No suffix given; using', $suffix, 'for',
            $opt->{long}, '(value:', $val, ')');
      }
      if ( $suffix =~ m/[smhd]/ ) {
         $val = $suffix eq 's' ? $num            # Seconds
              : $suffix eq 'm' ? $num * 60       # Minutes
              : $suffix eq 'h' ? $num * 3600     # Hours
              :                  $num * 86400;   # Days
         $opt->{value} = ($prefix || '') . $val;
         PTDEBUG && _d('Setting option', $opt->{long}, 'to', $val);
      }
      else {
         $self->save_error("Invalid time suffix for --$opt->{long}");
      }
   }
   elsif ( $val && $opt->{type} eq 'd' ) {  # type DSN
      PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing option', $opt->{long}, 'as a DSN');
      my $prev = {};
      my $from_key = $self->{defaults_to}->{ $opt->{long} };
      if ( $from_key ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d($opt->{long}, 'DSN copies from', $from_key, 'DSN');
         if ( $self->{opts}->{$from_key}->{parsed} ) {
            $prev = $self->{opts}->{$from_key}->{value};
         }
         else {
            PTDEBUG && _d('Cannot parse', $opt->{long}, 'until',
               $from_key, 'parsed');
            return;
         }
      }
      my $defaults = $self->{DSNParser}->parse_options($self);
      $opt->{value} = $self->{DSNParser}->parse($val, $prev, $defaults);
   }
   elsif ( $val && $opt->{type} eq 'z' ) {  # type size
      PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing option', $opt->{long}, 'as a size value');
      $self->_parse_size($opt, $val);
   }
   elsif ( $opt->{type} eq 'H' || (defined $val && $opt->{type} eq 'h') ) {
      $opt->{value} = { map { $_ => 1 } split(/(?<!\\),\s*/, ($val || '')) };
   }
   elsif ( $opt->{type} eq 'A' || (defined $val && $opt->{type} eq 'a') ) {
      $opt->{value} = [ split(/(?<!\\),\s*/, ($val || '')) ];
   }
   else {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Nothing to validate for option',
         $opt->{long}, 'type', $opt->{type}, 'value', $val);
   }

$opt->{parsed} = 1;
   return;
}

sub get {
   my ( $self, $opt ) = @_;
   my $long = (length $opt == 1 ? $self->{short_opts}->{$opt} : $opt);
   die "Option $opt does not exist"
      unless $long && exists $self->{opts}->{$long};
   return $self->{opts}->{$long}->{value};
}

sub got {
   my ( $self, $opt ) = @_;
   my $long = (length $opt == 1 ? $self->{short_opts}->{$opt} : $opt);
   die "Option $opt does not exist"
      unless $long && exists $self->{opts}->{$long};
   return $self->{opts}->{$long}->{got};
}

sub has {
   my ( $self, $opt ) = @_;
   my $long = (length $opt == 1 ? $self->{short_opts}->{$opt} : $opt);
   return defined $long ? exists $self->{opts}->{$long} : 0;
}

sub set {
   my ( $self, $opt, $val ) = @_;
   my $long = (length $opt == 1 ? $self->{short_opts}->{$opt} : $opt);
   die "Option $opt does not exist"
      unless $long && exists $self->{opts}->{$long};
   $self->{opts}->{$long}->{value} = $val;
   return;
}

sub save_error {
   my ( $self, $error ) = @_;
   push @{$self->{errors}}, $error;
   return;
}

sub errors {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   return $self->{errors};
}

sub usage {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   warn "No usage string is set" unless $self->{usage}; # XXX
   return "Usage: " . ($self->{usage} || '') . "\n";
}

sub descr {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   warn "No description string is set" unless $self->{description}; # XXX
   my $descr  = ($self->{description} || $self->{program_name} || '')
              . "  For more details, please use the --help option, "
              . "or try 'perldoc $PROGRAM_NAME' "
              . "for complete documentation.";
   $descr = join("\n", $descr =~ m/(.{0,80})(?:\s+|$)/g)
      unless $ENV{DONT_BREAK_LINES};
   $descr =~ s/ +$//mg;
   return $descr;
}

sub usage_or_errors {
   my ( $self, $file, $return ) = @_;
   $file ||= $self->{file} || __FILE__;

if ( !$self->{description} || !$self->{usage} ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d("Getting description and usage from SYNOPSIS in", $file);
      my %synop = $self->_parse_synopsis($file);
      $self->{description} ||= $synop{description};
      $self->{usage}       ||= $synop{usage};
      PTDEBUG && _d("Description:", $self->{description},
         "\nUsage:", $self->{usage});
   }

if ( $self->{opts}->{help}->{got} ) {
      print $self->print_usage() or die "Cannot print usage: $OS_ERROR";
      exit 0 unless $return;
   }
   elsif ( scalar @{$self->{errors}} ) {
      print $self->print_errors() or die "Cannot print errors: $OS_ERROR";
      exit 1 unless $return;
   }

return;
}

sub print_errors {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   my $usage = $self->usage() . "\n";
   if ( (my @errors = @{$self->{errors}}) ) {
      $usage .= join("\n  * ", 'Errors in command-line arguments:', @errors)
              . "\n";
   }
   return $usage . "\n" . $self->descr();
}

sub print_usage {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   die "Run get_opts() before print_usage()" unless $self->{got_opts};
   my @opts = values %{$self->{opts}};

my $maxl = max(
      map {
         length($_->{long})               # option long name
         + ($_->{is_negatable} ? 4 : 0)   # "[no]" if opt is negatable
         + ($_->{type} ? 2 : 0)           # "=x" where x is the opt type
      }
      @opts);

my $maxs = max(0,
      map {
         length($_)
         + ($self->{opts}->{$_}->{is_negatable} ? 4 : 0)
         + ($self->{opts}->{$_}->{type} ? 2 : 0)
      }
      values %{$self->{short_opts}});

my $lcol = max($maxl, ($maxs + 3));
   my $rcol = 80 - $lcol - 6;
   my $rpad = ' ' x ( 80 - $rcol );

$maxs = max($lcol - 3, $maxs);

my $usage = $self->descr() . "\n" . $self->usage();

my @groups = reverse sort grep { $_ ne 'default'; } keys %{$self->{groups}};
   push @groups, 'default';

foreach my $group ( reverse @groups ) {
      $usage .= "\n".($group eq 'default' ? 'Options' : $group).":\n\n";
      foreach my $opt (
         sort { $a->{long} cmp $b->{long} }
         grep { $_->{group} eq $group }
         @opts )
      {
         my $long  = $opt->{is_negatable} ? "[no]$opt->{long}" : $opt->{long};
         my $short = $opt->{short};
         my $desc  = $opt->{desc};

$long .= $opt->{type} ? "=$opt->{type}" : "";

if ( $opt->{type} && $opt->{type} eq 'm' ) {
            my ($s) = $desc =~ m/$suffix (.)$/;
            $s    ||= 's';
            $desc =~ s/\s+$suffix .$//;
            $desc .= ".  Optional suffix s=seconds, m=minutes, h=hours, "
                   . "d=days; if no suffix, $s is used.";
         }
         $desc = join("\n$rpad", grep { $_ } $desc =~ m/(.{0,$rcol}(?!\W))(?:\s+|(?<=\W)|$)/g);
         $desc =~ s/ +$//mg;
         if ( $short ) {
            $usage .= sprintf("  --%-${maxs}s -%s  %s\n", $long, $short, $desc);
         }
         else {
            $usage .= sprintf("  --%-${lcol}s  %s\n", $long, $desc);
         }
      }
   }

$usage .= "\nOption types: s=string, i=integer, f=float, h/H/a/A=comma-separated list, d=DSN, z=size, m=time\n";

if ( (my @rules = @{$self->{rules}}) ) {
      $usage .= "\nRules:\n\n";
      $usage .= join("\n", map { "  $_" } @rules) . "\n";
   }
   if ( $self->{DSNParser} ) {
      $usage .= "\n" . $self->{DSNParser}->usage();
   }
   $usage .= "\nOptions and values after processing arguments:\n\n";
   foreach my $opt ( sort { $a->{long} cmp $b->{long} } @opts ) {
      my $val   = $opt->{value};
      my $type  = $opt->{type} || '';
      my $bool  = $opt->{spec} =~ m/^[\w-]+(?:\|[\w-])?!?$/;
      $val      = $bool              ? ( $val ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE' )
                : !defined $val      ? '(No value)'
                : $type eq 'd'       ? $self->{DSNParser}->as_string($val)
                : $type =~ m/H|h/    ? join(',', sort keys %$val)
                : $type =~ m/A|a/    ? join(',', @$val)
                :                    $val;
      $usage .= sprintf("  --%-${lcol}s  %s\n", $opt->{long}, $val);
   }
   return $usage;
}

sub prompt_noecho {
   shift @_ if ref $_[0] eq __PACKAGE__;
   my ( $prompt ) = @_;
   local $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH = 1;
   print STDERR $prompt
      or die "Cannot print: $OS_ERROR";
   my $response;
   eval {
      require Term::ReadKey;
      Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('noecho');
      chomp($response = <STDIN>);
      Term::ReadKey::ReadMode('normal');
      print "\n"
         or die "Cannot print: $OS_ERROR";
   };
   if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
      die "Cannot read response; is Term::ReadKey installed? $EVAL_ERROR";
   }
   return $response;
}

sub _read_config_file {
   my ( $self, $filename ) = @_;
   open my $fh, "<", $filename or die "Cannot open $filename: $OS_ERROR\n";
   my @args;
   my $prefix = '--';
   my $parse  = 1;

LINE:
   while ( my $line = <$fh> ) {
      chomp $line;
      next LINE if $line =~ m/^\s*(?:\#|\;|$)/;
      $line =~ s/\s+#.*$//g;
      $line =~ s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
      if ( $line eq '--' ) {
         $prefix = '';
         $parse  = 0;
         next LINE;
      }

if (  $parse 
            && !$self->has('version-check') 
            && $line =~ /version-check/ 
      ) {
         next LINE;
      }

if ( $parse
         && (my($opt, $arg) = $line =~ m/^\s*([^=\s]+?)(?:\s*=\s*(.*?)\s*)?$/)
      ) {
         push @args, grep { defined $_ } ("$prefix$opt", $arg);
      }
      elsif ( $line =~ m/./ ) {
         push @args, $line;
      }
      else {
         die "Syntax error in file $filename at line $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER";
      }
   }
   close $fh;
   return @args;
}

sub read_para_after {
   my ( $self, $file, $regex ) = @_;
   open my $fh, "<", $file or die "Can't open $file: $OS_ERROR";
   local $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR = '';
   my $para;
   while ( $para = <$fh> ) {
      next unless $para =~ m/^=pod$/m;
      last;
   }
   while ( $para = <$fh> ) {
      next unless $para =~ m/$regex/;
      last;
   }
   $para = <$fh>;
   chomp($para);
   close $fh or die "Can't close $file: $OS_ERROR";
   return $para;
}

sub clone {
   my ( $self ) = @_;

my %clone = map {
      my $hashref  = $self->{$_};
      my $val_copy = {};
      foreach my $key ( keys %$hashref ) {
         my $ref = ref $hashref->{$key};
         $val_copy->{$key} = !$ref           ? $hashref->{$key}
                           : $ref eq 'HASH'  ? { %{$hashref->{$key}} }
                           : $ref eq 'ARRAY' ? [ @{$hashref->{$key}} ]
                           : $hashref->{$key};
      }
      $_ => $val_copy;
   } qw(opts short_opts defaults);

foreach my $scalar ( qw(got_opts) ) {
      $clone{$scalar} = $self->{$scalar};
   }

return bless \%clone;     
}

sub _parse_size {
   my ( $self, $opt, $val ) = @_;

if ( lc($val || '') eq 'null' ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('NULL size for', $opt->{long});
      $opt->{value} = 'null';
      return;
   }

my %factor_for = (k => 1_024, M => 1_048_576, G => 1_073_741_824);
   my ($pre, $num, $factor) = $val =~ m/^([+-])?(\d+)([kMG])?$/;
   if ( defined $num ) {
      if ( $factor ) {
         $num *= $factor_for{$factor};
         PTDEBUG && _d('Setting option', $opt->{y},
            'to num', $num, '* factor', $factor);
      }
      $opt->{value} = ($pre || '') . $num;
   }
   else {
      $self->save_error("Invalid size for --$opt->{long}: $val");
   }
   return;
}

sub _parse_attribs {
   my ( $self, $option, $attribs ) = @_;
   my $types = $self->{types};
   return $option
      . ($attribs->{'short form'} ? '|' . $attribs->{'short form'}   : '' )
      . ($attribs->{'negatable'}  ? '!'                              : '' )
      . ($attribs->{'cumulative'} ? '+'                              : '' )
      . ($attribs->{'type'}       ? '=' . $types->{$attribs->{type}} : '' );
}

sub _parse_synopsis {
   my ( $self, $file ) = @_;
   $file ||= $self->{file} || __FILE__;
   PTDEBUG && _d("Parsing SYNOPSIS in", $file);

local $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR = '';  # read paragraphs
   open my $fh, "<", $file or die "Cannot open $file: $OS_ERROR";
   my $para;
   1 while defined($para = <$fh>) && $para !~ m/^=head1 SYNOPSIS/;
   die "$file does not contain a SYNOPSIS section" unless $para;
   my @synop;
   for ( 1..2 ) {  # 1 for the usage, 2 for the description
      my $para = <$fh>;
      push @synop, $para;
   }
   close $fh;
   PTDEBUG && _d("Raw SYNOPSIS text:", @synop);
   my ($usage, $desc) = @synop;
   die "The SYNOPSIS section in $file is not formatted properly"
      unless $usage && $desc;

$usage =~ s/^\s*Usage:\s+(.+)/$1/;
   chomp $usage;

$desc =~ s/\n/ /g;
   $desc =~ s/\s{2,}/ /g;
   $desc =~ s/\. ([A-Z][a-z])/.  $1/g;
   $desc =~ s/\s+$//;

return (
      description => $desc,
      usage       => $usage,
   );
};

sub set_vars {
   my ($self, $file) = @_;
   $file ||= $self->{file} || __FILE__;

my %user_vars;
   my $user_vars = $self->has('set-vars') ? $self->get('set-vars') : undef;
   if ( $user_vars ) {
      foreach my $var_val ( @$user_vars ) {
         my ($var, $val) = $var_val =~ m/([^\s=]+)=(\S+)/;
         die "Invalid --set-vars value: $var_val\n" unless $var && defined $val;
         $user_vars{$var} = {
            val     => $val,
            default => 0,
         };
      }
   }

my %default_vars;
   my $default_vars = $self->read_para_after($file, qr/MAGIC_set_vars/);
   if ( $default_vars ) {
      %default_vars = map {
         my $var_val = $_;
         my ($var, $val) = $var_val =~ m/([^\s=]+)=(\S+)/;
         die "Invalid --set-vars value: $var_val\n" unless $var && defined $val;
         $var => {
            val     => $val,
            default => 1,
         };
      } split("\n", $default_vars);
   }

my %vars = (
      %default_vars, # first the tool's defaults
      %user_vars,    # then the user's which overwrite the defaults
   );
   PTDEBUG && _d('--set-vars:', Dumper(\%vars));
   return \%vars;
}

sub _d {
   my ($package, undef, $line) = caller 0;
   @_ = map { (my $temp = $_) =~ s/\n/\n# /g; $temp; }
        map { defined $_ ? $_ : 'undef' }
        @_;
   print STDERR "# $package:$line $PID ", join(' ', @_), "\n";
}

if ( PTDEBUG ) {
   print STDERR '# ', $^X, ' ', $], "\n";
   if ( my $uname = `uname -a` ) {
      $uname =~ s/\s+/ /g;
      print STDERR "# $uname\n";
   }
   print STDERR '# Arguments: ',
      join(' ', map { my $a = "_[$_]_"; $a =~ s/\n/\n# /g; $a; } @ARGV), "\n";
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End OptionParser package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# DSNParser package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the Bazaar repository at,
#   lib/DSNParser.pm
#   t/lib/DSNParser.t
# See https://launchpad.net/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package DSNParser;

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use constant PTDEBUG => $ENV{PTDEBUG} || 0;

use Data::Dumper;
$Data::Dumper::Indent    = 0;
$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;

my $dsn_sep = qr/(?<!\\),/;

eval {
   require DBI;
};
my $have_dbi = $EVAL_ERROR ? 0 : 1;

sub new {
   my ( $class, %args ) = @_;
   foreach my $arg ( qw(opts) ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }
   my $self = {
      opts => {}  # h, P, u, etc.  Should come from DSN OPTIONS section in POD.
   };
   foreach my $opt ( @{$args{opts}} ) {
      if ( !$opt->{key} || !$opt->{desc} ) {
         die "Invalid DSN option: ", Dumper($opt);
      }
      PTDEBUG && _d('DSN option:',
         join(', ',
            map { "$_=" . (defined $opt->{$_} ? ($opt->{$_} || '') : 'undef') }
               keys %$opt
         )
      );
      $self->{opts}->{$opt->{key}} = {
         dsn  => $opt->{dsn},
         desc => $opt->{desc},
         copy => $opt->{copy} || 0,
      };
   }
   return bless $self, $class;
}

sub prop {
   my ( $self, $prop, $value ) = @_;
   if ( @_ > 2 ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Setting', $prop, 'property');
      $self->{$prop} = $value;
   }
   return $self->{$prop};
}

sub parse {
   my ( $self, $dsn, $prev, $defaults ) = @_;
   if ( !$dsn ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('No DSN to parse');
      return;
   }
   PTDEBUG && _d('Parsing', $dsn);
   $prev     ||= {};
   $defaults ||= {};
   my %given_props;
   my %final_props;
   my $opts = $self->{opts};

foreach my $dsn_part ( split($dsn_sep, $dsn) ) {
      $dsn_part =~ s/\\,/,/g;
      if ( my ($prop_key, $prop_val) = $dsn_part =~  m/^(.)=(.*)$/ ) {
         $given_props{$prop_key} = $prop_val;
      }
      else {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Interpreting', $dsn_part, 'as h=', $dsn_part);
         $given_props{h} = $dsn_part;
      }
   }

foreach my $key ( keys %$opts ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Finding value for', $key);
      $final_props{$key} = $given_props{$key};
      if (   !defined $final_props{$key}
           && defined $prev->{$key} && $opts->{$key}->{copy} )
      {
         $final_props{$key} = $prev->{$key};
         PTDEBUG && _d('Copying value for', $key, 'from previous DSN');
      }
      if ( !defined $final_props{$key} ) {
         $final_props{$key} = $defaults->{$key};
         PTDEBUG && _d('Copying value for', $key, 'from defaults');
      }
   }

foreach my $key ( keys %given_props ) {
      die "Unknown DSN option '$key' in '$dsn'.  For more details, "
            . "please use the --help option, or try 'perldoc $PROGRAM_NAME' "
            . "for complete documentation."
         unless exists $opts->{$key};
   }
   if ( (my $required = $self->prop('required')) ) {
      foreach my $key ( keys %$required ) {
         die "Missing required DSN option '$key' in '$dsn'.  For more details, "
               . "please use the --help option, or try 'perldoc $PROGRAM_NAME' "
               . "for complete documentation."
            unless $final_props{$key};
      }
   }

return \%final_props;
}

sub parse_options {
   my ( $self, $o ) = @_;
   die 'I need an OptionParser object' unless ref $o eq 'OptionParser';
   my $dsn_string
      = join(',',
          map  { "$_=".$o->get($_); }
          grep { $o->has($_) && $o->get($_) }
          keys %{$self->{opts}}
        );
   PTDEBUG && _d('DSN string made from options:', $dsn_string);
   return $self->parse($dsn_string);
}

sub as_string {
   my ( $self, $dsn, $props ) = @_;
   return $dsn unless ref $dsn;
   my @keys = $props ? @$props : sort keys %$dsn;
   return join(',',
      map  { "$_=" . ($_ eq 'p' ? '...' : $dsn->{$_}) }
      grep {
         exists $self->{opts}->{$_}
         && exists $dsn->{$_}
         && defined $dsn->{$_}
      } @keys);
}

sub usage {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   my $usage
      = "DSN syntax is key=value[,key=value...]  Allowable DSN keys:\n\n"
      . "  KEY  COPY  MEANING\n"
      . "  ===  ====  =============================================\n";
   my %opts = %{$self->{opts}};
   foreach my $key ( sort keys %opts ) {
      $usage .= "  $key    "
             .  ($opts{$key}->{copy} ? 'yes   ' : 'no    ')
             .  ($opts{$key}->{desc} || '[No description]')
             . "\n";
   }
   $usage .= "\n  If the DSN is a bareword, the word is treated as the 'h' key.\n";
   return $usage;
}

sub get_cxn_params {
   my ( $self, $info ) = @_;
   my $dsn;
   my %opts = %{$self->{opts}};
   my $driver = $self->prop('dbidriver') || '';
   if ( $driver eq 'Pg' ) {
      $dsn = 'DBI:Pg:dbname=' . ( $info->{D} || '' ) . ';'
         . join(';', map  { "$opts{$_}->{dsn}=$info->{$_}" }
                     grep { defined $info->{$_} }
                     qw(h P));
   }
   else {
      $dsn = 'DBI:mysql:' . ( $info->{D} || '' ) . ';'
         . join(';', map  { "$opts{$_}->{dsn}=$info->{$_}" }
                     grep { defined $info->{$_} }
                     qw(F h P S A))
         . ';mysql_read_default_group=client'
         . ($info->{L} ? ';mysql_local_infile=1' : '');
   }
   PTDEBUG && _d($dsn);
   return ($dsn, $info->{u}, $info->{p});
}

sub fill_in_dsn {
   my ( $self, $dbh, $dsn ) = @_;
   my $vars = $dbh->selectall_hashref('SHOW VARIABLES', 'Variable_name');
   my ($user, $db) = $dbh->selectrow_array('SELECT USER(), DATABASE()');
   $user =~ s/@.*//;
   $dsn->{h} ||= $vars->{hostname}->{Value};
   $dsn->{S} ||= $vars->{'socket'}->{Value};
   $dsn->{P} ||= $vars->{port}->{Value};
   $dsn->{u} ||= $user;
   $dsn->{D} ||= $db;
}

sub get_dbh {
   my ( $self, $cxn_string, $user, $pass, $opts ) = @_;
   $opts ||= {};
   my $defaults = {
      AutoCommit         => 0,
      RaiseError         => 1,
      PrintError         => 0,
      ShowErrorStatement => 1,
      mysql_enable_utf8 => ($cxn_string =~ m/charset=utf8/i ? 1 : 0),
   };
   @{$defaults}{ keys %$opts } = values %$opts;
   if (delete $defaults->{L}) { # L for LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE, our own extension
      $defaults->{mysql_local_infile} = 1;
   }

if ( $opts->{mysql_use_result} ) {
      $defaults->{mysql_use_result} = 1;
   }

if ( !$have_dbi ) {
      die "Cannot connect to MySQL because the Perl DBI module is not "
         . "installed or not found.  Run 'perl -MDBI' to see the directories "
         . "that Perl searches for DBI.  If DBI is not installed, try:\n"
         . "  Debian/Ubuntu  apt-get install libdbi-perl\n"
         . "  RHEL/CentOS    yum install perl-DBI\n"
         . "  OpenSolaris    pkg install pkg:/SUNWpmdbi\n";

}

my $dbh;
   my $tries = 2;
   while ( !$dbh && $tries-- ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d($cxn_string, ' ', $user, ' ', $pass, 
         join(', ', map { "$_=>$defaults->{$_}" } keys %$defaults ));

$dbh = eval { DBI->connect($cxn_string, $user, $pass, $defaults) };

if ( !$dbh && $EVAL_ERROR ) {
         if ( $EVAL_ERROR =~ m/locate DBD\/mysql/i ) {
            die "Cannot connect to MySQL because the Perl DBD::mysql module is "
               . "not installed or not found.  Run 'perl -MDBD::mysql' to see "
               . "the directories that Perl searches for DBD::mysql.  If "
               . "DBD::mysql is not installed, try:\n"
               . "  Debian/Ubuntu  apt-get install libdbd-mysql-perl\n"
               . "  RHEL/CentOS    yum install perl-DBD-MySQL\n"
               . "  OpenSolaris    pgk install pkg:/SUNWapu13dbd-mysql\n";
         }
         elsif ( $EVAL_ERROR =~ m/not a compiled character set|character set utf8/ ) {
            PTDEBUG && _d('Going to try again without utf8 support');
            delete $defaults->{mysql_enable_utf8};
         }
         if ( !$tries ) {
            die $EVAL_ERROR;
         }
      }
   }

if ( $cxn_string =~ m/mysql/i ) {
      my $sql;

$sql = 'SELECT @@SQL_MODE';
      PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);
      my ($sql_mode) = eval { $dbh->selectrow_array($sql) };
      if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
         die "Error getting the current SQL_MODE: $EVAL_ERROR";
      }

if ( my ($charset) = $cxn_string =~ m/charset=([\w]+)/ ) {
         $sql = qq{/*!40101 SET NAMES "$charset"*/};
         PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);
         eval { $dbh->do($sql) };
         if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
            die "Error setting NAMES to $charset: $EVAL_ERROR";
         }
         PTDEBUG && _d('Enabling charset for STDOUT');
         if ( $charset eq 'utf8' ) {
            binmode(STDOUT, ':utf8')
               or die "Can't binmode(STDOUT, ':utf8'): $OS_ERROR";
         }
         else {
            binmode(STDOUT) or die "Can't binmode(STDOUT): $OS_ERROR";
         }
      }

if ( my $vars = $self->prop('set-vars') ) {
         $self->set_vars($dbh, $vars);
      }

$sql = 'SET @@SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE = 1'
            . '/*!40101, @@SQL_MODE=\'NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO'
            . ($sql_mode ? ",$sql_mode" : '')
            . '\'*/';
      PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);
      eval { $dbh->do($sql) };
      if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
         die "Error setting SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE, SQL_MODE"
           . ($sql_mode ? " and $sql_mode" : '')
           . ": $EVAL_ERROR";
      }
   }

PTDEBUG && _d('DBH info: ',
      $dbh,
      Dumper($dbh->selectrow_hashref(
         'SELECT DATABASE(), CONNECTION_ID(), VERSION()/*!50038 , @@hostname*/')),
      'Connection info:',      $dbh->{mysql_hostinfo},
      'Character set info:',   Dumper($dbh->selectall_arrayref(
                     "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set%'", { Slice => {}})),
      '$DBD::mysql::VERSION:', $DBD::mysql::VERSION,
      '$DBI::VERSION:',        $DBI::VERSION,
   );

return $dbh;
}

sub get_hostname {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;
   if ( my ($host) = ($dbh->{mysql_hostinfo} || '') =~ m/^(\w+) via/ ) {
      return $host;
   }
   my ( $hostname, $one ) = $dbh->selectrow_array(
      'SELECT /*!50038 @@hostname, */ 1');
   return $hostname;
}

sub disconnect {
   my ( $self, $dbh ) = @_;
   PTDEBUG && $self->print_active_handles($dbh);
   $dbh->disconnect;
}

sub print_active_handles {
   my ( $self, $thing, $level ) = @_;
   $level ||= 0;
   printf("# Active %sh: %s %s %s\n", ($thing->{Type} || 'undef'), "\t" x $level,
      $thing, (($thing->{Type} || '') eq 'st' ? $thing->{Statement} || '' : ''))
      or die "Cannot print: $OS_ERROR";
   foreach my $handle ( grep {defined} @{ $thing->{ChildHandles} } ) {
      $self->print_active_handles( $handle, $level + 1 );
   }
}

sub copy {
   my ( $self, $dsn_1, $dsn_2, %args ) = @_;
   die 'I need a dsn_1 argument' unless $dsn_1;
   die 'I need a dsn_2 argument' unless $dsn_2;
   my %new_dsn = map {
      my $key = $_;
      my $val;
      if ( $args{overwrite} ) {
         $val = defined $dsn_1->{$key} ? $dsn_1->{$key} : $dsn_2->{$key};
      }
      else {
         $val = defined $dsn_2->{$key} ? $dsn_2->{$key} : $dsn_1->{$key};
      }
      $key => $val;
   } keys %{$self->{opts}};
   return \%new_dsn;
}

sub set_vars {
   my ($self, $dbh, $vars) = @_;

return unless $vars;

foreach my $var ( sort keys %$vars ) {
      my $val = $vars->{$var}->{val};

(my $quoted_var = $var) =~ s/_/\\_/;
      my ($var_exists, $current_val);
      eval {
         ($var_exists, $current_val) = $dbh->selectrow_array(
            "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '$quoted_var'");
      };
      my $e = $EVAL_ERROR;
      if ( $e ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d($e);
      }

if ( $vars->{$var}->{default} && !$var_exists ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Not setting default var', $var,
            'because it does not exist');
         next;
      }

if ( $current_val && $current_val eq $val ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('Not setting var', $var, 'because its value',
            'is already', $val);
         next;
      }

my $sql = "SET SESSION $var=$val";
      PTDEBUG && _d($dbh, $sql);
      eval { $dbh->do($sql) };
      if ( my $set_error = $EVAL_ERROR ) {
         chomp($set_error);
         $set_error =~ s/ at \S+ line \d+//;
         my $msg = "Error setting $var: $set_error";
         if ( $current_val ) {
            $msg .= "  The current value for $var is $current_val.  "
                  . "If the variable is read only (not dynamic), specify "
                  . "--set-vars $var=$current_val to avoid this warning, "
                  . "else manually set the variable and restart MySQL.";
         }
         warn $msg . "\n\n";
      }
   }

return; 
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End DSNParser package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# Daemon package
# This package is a copy without comments from the original.  The original
# with comments and its test file can be found in the Bazaar repository at,
#   lib/Daemon.pm
#   t/lib/Daemon.t
# See https://launchpad.net/percona-toolkit for more information.
# ###########################################################################
{
package Daemon;

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use constant PTDEBUG => $ENV{PTDEBUG} || 0;

use POSIX qw(setsid);

sub new {
   my ( $class, %args ) = @_;
   foreach my $arg ( qw(o) ) {
      die "I need a $arg argument" unless $args{$arg};
   }
   my $o = $args{o};
   my $self = {
      o        => $o,
      log_file => $o->has('log') ? $o->get('log') : undef,
      PID_file => $o->has('pid') ? $o->get('pid') : undef,
   };

check_PID_file(undef, $self->{PID_file});

PTDEBUG && _d('Daemonized child will log to', $self->{log_file});
   return bless $self, $class;
}

sub daemonize {
   my ( $self ) = @_;

PTDEBUG && _d('About to fork and daemonize');
   defined (my $pid = fork()) or die "Cannot fork: $OS_ERROR";
   if ( $pid ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Parent PID', $PID, 'exiting after forking child PID',$pid);
      exit;
   }

PTDEBUG && _d('Daemonizing child PID', $PID);
   $self->{PID_owner} = $PID;
   $self->{child}     = 1;

POSIX::setsid() or die "Cannot start a new session: $OS_ERROR";
   chdir '/'       or die "Cannot chdir to /: $OS_ERROR";

$self->_make_PID_file();

$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH = 1;

PTDEBUG && _d('Redirecting STDIN to /dev/null');
   close STDIN;
   open  STDIN, '/dev/null'
      or die "Cannot reopen STDIN to /dev/null: $OS_ERROR";

if ( $self->{log_file} ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('Redirecting STDOUT and STDERR to', $self->{log_file});
      close STDOUT;
      open  STDOUT, '>>', $self->{log_file}
         or die "Cannot open log file $self->{log_file}: $OS_ERROR";

close STDERR;
      open  STDERR, ">&STDOUT"
         or die "Cannot dupe STDERR to STDOUT: $OS_ERROR"; 
   }
   else {
      if ( -t STDOUT ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('No log file and STDOUT is a terminal;',
            'redirecting to /dev/null');
         close STDOUT;
         open  STDOUT, '>', '/dev/null'
            or die "Cannot reopen STDOUT to /dev/null: $OS_ERROR";
      }
      if ( -t STDERR ) {
         PTDEBUG && _d('No log file and STDERR is a terminal;',
            'redirecting to /dev/null');
         close STDERR;
         open  STDERR, '>', '/dev/null'
            or die "Cannot reopen STDERR to /dev/null: $OS_ERROR";
      }
   }

return;
}

sub check_PID_file {
   my ( $self, $file ) = @_;
   my $PID_file = $self ? $self->{PID_file} : $file;
   PTDEBUG && _d('Checking PID file', $PID_file);
   if ( $PID_file && -f $PID_file ) {
      my $pid;
      eval {
         chomp($pid = (slurp_file($PID_file) || ''));
      };
      if ( $EVAL_ERROR ) {
         die "The PID file $PID_file already exists but it cannot be read: "
            . $EVAL_ERROR;
      }
      PTDEBUG && _d('PID file exists; it contains PID', $pid);
      if ( $pid ) {
         my $pid_is_alive = kill 0, $pid;
         if ( $pid_is_alive ) {
            die "The PID file $PID_file already exists "
               . " and the PID that it contains, $pid, is running";
         }
         else {
            warn "Overwriting PID file $PID_file because the PID that it "
               . "contains, $pid, is not running";
         }
      }
      else {
         die "The PID file $PID_file already exists but it does not "
            . "contain a PID";
      }
   }
   else {
      PTDEBUG && _d('No PID file');
   }
   return;
}

sub make_PID_file {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   if ( exists $self->{child} ) {
      die "Do not call Daemon::make_PID_file() for daemonized scripts";
   }
   $self->_make_PID_file();
   $self->{PID_owner} = $PID;
   return;
}

sub _make_PID_file {
   my ( $self ) = @_;

my $PID_file = $self->{PID_file};
   if ( !$PID_file ) {
      PTDEBUG && _d('No PID file to create');
      return;
   }

$self->check_PID_file();

open my $PID_FH, '>', $PID_file
      or die "Cannot open PID file $PID_file: $OS_ERROR";
   print $PID_FH $PID
      or die "Cannot print to PID file $PID_file: $OS_ERROR";
   close $PID_FH
      or die "Cannot close PID file $PID_file: $OS_ERROR";

PTDEBUG && _d('Created PID file:', $self->{PID_file});
   return;
}

sub _remove_PID_file {
   my ( $self ) = @_;
   if ( $self->{PID_file} && -f $self->{PID_file} ) {
      unlink $self->{PID_file}
         or warn "Cannot remove PID file $self->{PID_file}: $OS_ERROR";
      PTDEBUG && _d('Removed PID file');
   }
   else {
      PTDEBUG && _d('No PID to remove');
   }
   return;
}

sub DESTROY {
   my ( $self ) = @_;

$self->_remove_PID_file() if ($self->{PID_owner} || 0) == $PID;

return;
}

sub slurp_file {
   my ($file) = @_;
   return unless $file;
   open my $fh, "<", $file or die "Cannot open $file: $OS_ERROR";
   return do { local $/; <$fh> };
}

1;
}
# ###########################################################################
# End Daemon package
# ###########################################################################

# ###########################################################################
# This is a combination of modules and programs in one -- a runnable module.
# http://www.perl.com/pub/a/2006/07/13/lightning-articles.html?page=last
# Or, look it up in the Camel book on pages 642 and 643 in the 3rd edition.
#
# Check at the end of this package for the call to main() which actually runs
# the program.
# ###########################################################################
package pt_visual_explain;

use English qw(-no_match_vars);
use Getopt::Long;
use Data::Dumper;
$Data::Dumper::Indent    = 1;
$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys = 0;

use constant PTDEBUG => $ENV{PTDEBUG} || 0;

sub main {
   @ARGV = @_;  # set global ARGV for this package

# #######################################################################
   # Get configuration information and parse command line options.
   # #######################################################################
   my $o = new OptionParser();
   $o->get_specs();
   $o->get_opts();

my $dp = $o->DSNParser();
   $dp->prop('set-vars', $o->set_vars());

$o->usage_or_errors();

# ########################################################################
   # If --pid, check it first since we'll die if it already exits.
   # ########################################################################
   my $daemon;
   if ( $o->get('pid') ) {
      # We're not daemoninzing, it just handles PID stuff.  Keep $daemon
      # in the the scope of main() because when it's destroyed it automatically
      # removes the PID file.
      $daemon = new Daemon(o=>$o);
      $daemon->make_PID_file();
   }

# #######################################################################
   # Get ready to do the main work.
   # #######################################################################
   # Magically read STDIN or files in @ARGV
   my $text = do { local $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR = undef; <>; };
   my $rows;

if ( $o->got('connect') ) { # Connect to the database.
      if ( $o->got('ask-pass') && !$o->got('password') ) {
         $o->set('password', OptionParser::prompt_noecho("Enter password: "));
      }

my $dsn = $dp->parse_options($o);
      my $dbh = $dp->get_dbh($dp->get_cxn_params($dsn), { AutoCommit => 1 } );

$text =~ s{^.*?select}{EXPLAIN /*!50115 PARTITIONS*/ SELECT}is;
      $rows =  $dbh->selectall_arrayref($text, { Slice => {} } );
      $dbh->disconnect();
   }
   else {
      $rows = ExplainParser->new->parse($text);
   }

# #######################################################################
   # Do the main work.
   # #######################################################################
   my $et   = ExplainTree->new();
   my $tree = $et->process($rows, { clustered => $o->get('clustered-pk') });
   if ( $tree ) {
      print $o->get('format') eq 'dump' ? Dumper($tree)
         : $et->pretty_print($tree);
   }

return 0;
}

# ############################################################################
# Run the program.
# ############################################################################
if ( !caller ) { exit main(@ARGV); }

1; # Because this is a module as well as a script.

# ############################################################################
# Documentation.
# ############################################################################

=pod

=head1 NAME

pt-visual-explain - Format EXPLAIN output as a tree.

=head1 SYNOPSIS

Usage: pt-visual-explain [OPTIONS] [FILES]

pt-visual-explain transforms EXPLAIN output into a tree representation of
the query plan.  If FILE is given, input is read from the file(s).  With no
FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Examples:

pt-visual-explain <file_containing_explain_output>

pt-visual-explain -c <file_containing_query>

mysql -e "explain select * from mysql.user" | pt-visual-explain

=head1 RISKS

Percona Toolkit is mature, proven in the real world, and well tested,
but all database tools can pose a risk to the system and the database
server.  Before using this tool, please:

=over

=item * Read the tool's documentation

=item * Review the tool's known L<"BUGS">

=item * Test the tool on a non-production server

=item * Backup your production server and verify the backups

=back

=head1 DESCRIPTION

pt-visual-explain reverse-engineers MySQL's EXPLAIN output into a query
execution plan, which it then formats as a left-deep tree -- the same way the
plan is represented inside MySQL.  It is possible to do this by hand, or to read
EXPLAIN's output directly, but it requires patience and expertise.  Many people
find a tree representation more understandable.

You can pipe input into pt-visual-explain or specify a filename at the
command line, including the magical '-' filename, which will read from standard
input.  It can do two things with the input: parse it for something that looks
like EXPLAIN output, or connect to a MySQL instance and run EXPLAIN on the
input.

When parsing its input, pt-visual-explain understands three formats: tabular
like that shown in the mysql command-line client, vertical like that created by
using the \G line terminator in the mysql command-line client, and tab
separated.  It ignores any lines it doesn't know how to parse.

When executing the input, pt-visual-explain replaces everything in the input
up to the first SELECT keyword with 'EXPLAIN SELECT,' and then executes the
result.  You must specify L<"--connect"> to execute the input as a query.

Either way, it builds a tree from the result set and prints it to standard
output.  For the following query,

select * from sakila.film_actor join sakila.film using(film_id);

pt-visual-explain generates this query plan:

The query plan is left-deep, depth-first search, and the tree's root is the
output node -- the last step in the execution plan.  In other words, read it
like this:

=over

=item 1

Table scan the 'film' table, which accesses an estimated 952 rows.

=item 2

For each row, find matching rows by doing an index lookup into the
film_actor->idx_fk_film_id index with the value from sakila.film.film_id, then a
bookmark lookup into the film_actor table.

=back

For more information on how to read EXPLAIN output, please see
L<http://dev.mysql.com/doc/en/explain.html>, and this talk titled
"MySQL query optimizer internals and upcoming features in v. 5.2":
from Timour Katchaounov, one of the MySQL developers: L<http://goo.gl/VIWvo>

=head1 MODULES

This program is actually a runnable module, not just an ordinary Perl script.
In fact, there are two modules embedded in it.  This makes unit testing easy,
but it also makes it easy for you to use the parsing and tree-building
functionality if you want.

The ExplainParser package accepts a string and parses whatever it thinks looks
like EXPLAIN output from it.  The synopsis is as follows:

require "pt-visual-explain";
 my $p    = ExplainParser->new();
 my $rows = $p->parse("some text");
 # $rows is an arrayref of hashrefs.

The ExplainTree package accepts a set of rows and turns it into a tree.  For
convenience, you can also have it delegate to ExplainParser and parse text for
you.  Here's the synopsis:

require "pt-visual-explain";
 my $e      = ExplainTree->new();
 my $tree   = $e->parse("some text", \%options);
 my $output = $e->pretty_print($tree);
 print $tree;

=head1 ALGORITHM

This section explains the algorithm that converts EXPLAIN into a tree.  You may
be interested in reading this if you want to understand EXPLAIN more fully, or
trying to figure out how this works, but otherwise this section will probably
not make your life richer.

The tree can be built by examining the id, select_type, and table columns of
each row.  Here's what I know about them:

The id column is the sequential number of the select.  This does not indicate
nesting; it just comes from counting SELECT from the left of the SQL statement.
It's like capturing parentheses in a regular expression.  A UNION RESULT row
doesn't have an id, because it isn't a SELECT.  The source code actually refers
to UNIONs as a fake_lex, as I recall.

If two adjacent rows have the same id value, they are joined with the standard
single-sweep multi-join method.

The select_type column tells a) that a new sub-scope has opened b) what kind
of relationship the row has to the previous row c) what kind of operation the
row represents.

=over

=item *

SIMPLE means there are no subqueries or unions in the whole query.

=item *

PRIMARY means there are, but this is the outermost SELECT.

=item  *

[DEPENDENT] UNION means this result is UNIONed with the previous result (not
row; a result might encompass more than one row).

=item *

UNION RESULT terminates a set of UNIONed results.

=item *

[DEPENDENT|UNCACHEABLE] SUBQUERY means a new sub-scope is opening.  This is the
kind of subquery that happens in a WHERE clause, SELECT list or whatnot; it does
not return a so-called "derived table."

=item *

DERIVED is a subquery in the FROM clause.

=back

Tables that are JOINed all have the same select_type.  For example, if you JOIN
three tables inside a dependent subquery, they'll all say the same thing:
DEPENDENT SUBQUERY.

The table column usually specifies the table name or alias, but may also say
<derivedN> or <unionN,N...N>.  If it says <derivedN>, the row represents an
access to the temporary table that holds the result of the subquery whose id is
N.  If it says <unionN,..N> it's the same thing, but it refers to the results it
UNIONs together.

Finally, order matters.  If a row's id is less than the one before it, I think
that means it is dependent on something other than the one before it.  For
example,

explain select
    (select 1 from sakila.film),
    (select 2 from sakila.film_actor),
    (select 3 from sakila.actor);

If the results were in order 2-3-4, I think that would mean 3 is a subquery of
2, 4 is a subquery of 3.  As it is, this means 4 is a subquery of the nearest
previous recent row with a smaller id, which is 1.  Likewise for 3 and 2.

This structure is hard to programmatically build into a tree for the same reason
it's hard to understand by inspection: there are both forward and backward
references.  <derivedN> is a forward reference to selectN, while <unionM,N> is a
backward reference to selectM and selectN.  That makes recursion and other
tree-building algorithms hard to get right (NOTE: after implementation, I now
see how it would be possible to deal with both forward and backward references,
but I have no motivation to change something that works).  Consider the
following:

select * from (
    select 1 from sakila.actor as actor_1
    union
    select 1 from sakila.actor as actor_2
 ) as der_1
 union
 select * from (
    select 1 from sakila.actor as actor_3
    union all
    select 1 from sakila.actor as actor_4
 ) as der_2;

This would be a lot easier to work with if it looked like this (I've
bracketed the id on rows I moved):

In fact, why not re-number all the ids, so the PRIMARY row becomes 2, and so on?
That would make it even easier to read.  Unfortunately that would also have the
effect of destroying the meaning of the id column, which I think is important to
preserve in the final tree.  Also, though it makes it easier to read, it doesn't
make it easier to manipulate programmatically; so it's fine to leave them
numbered as they are.

The goal of re-ordering is to make it easier to figure out which rows are
children of which rows in the execution plan.  Given the reordered list and some
row whose table is <union...> or <derived>, it is easy to find the beginning of
the slice of rows that should be child nodes in the tree: you just look for the
first row whose ID is the same as the first number in the table.

The next question is how to find the last row that should be a child node of a
UNION or DERIVED.   I'll start with DERIVED, because the solution makes UNION
easy.

Consider how MySQL numbers the SELECTs sequentially according to their position
in the SQL, left-to-right.  Since a DERIVED table encloses everything within it
in a scope, which becomes a temporary table, there are only two things to think
about: its child subqueries and unions (if any), and its next siblings in the
scope that encloses it.  Its children will all have an id greater than it does,
by definition, so any later rows with a smaller id terminate the scope.

Here's an example.  The middle derived table here has a subquery and a UNION to
make it a little more complex for the example.

explain select 1
 from (
    select film_id from sakila.film limit 1
 ) as der_1
 join (
    select film_id, actor_id, (select count(*) from sakila.rental) as r
    from sakila.film_actor limit 1
    union all
    select 1, 1, 1 from sakila.film_actor as dummy
 ) as der_2 using (film_id)
 join (
    select actor_id from sakila.actor limit 1
 ) as der_3 using (actor_id);

Here's the output of EXPLAIN:

The siblings all have id 1, and the middle one I care about is derived3.
(Notice MySQL doesn't execute them in the order I defined them, which is fine).
Now notice that MySQL prints out the rows in the opposite order I defined the
subqueries: 6, 3, 2.  It always seems to do this, and there might be other
methods of finding the scope boundaries including looking for the lower boundary
of the next largest sibling, but this is a good enough heuristic.  I am forced
to rely on it for non-DERIVED subqueries, so I rely on it here too.  Therefore,
I decide that everything greater than or equal to 3 belongs to the DERIVED
scope.

The rule for UNION is simple: they consume the entire enclosing scope, and to
find the component parts of each one, you find each part's beginning as referred
to in the <unionN,...> definition, and its end is either just before the next
one, or if it's the last part, the end is the end of the scope.

This is only simple because UNION consumes the entire scope, which is either the
entire statement, or the scope of a DERIVED table.  This is because a UNION
cannot be a sibling of another UNION or a table, DERIVED or not.  (Try writing
such a statement if you don't see it intuitively).  Therefore, you can just find
the enclosing scope's boundaries, and the rest is easy.  Notice in the example
above, the UNION is over <union3,5>, which includes the row with id 4 -- it
includes every row between 3 and 5.

Finally, there are non-derived subqueries to deal with as well.  In this case I
can't look at siblings to find the end of the scope as I did for DERIVED.  I
have to trust that MySQL executes depth-first.  Here's an example:

explain
 select actor_id,
 (
    select count(film_id)
    + (select count(*) from sakila.film)
    from sakila.film join sakila.film_actor using(film_id)
    where exists(
       select * from sakila.actor
       where sakila.actor.actor_id = sakila.film_actor.actor_id
    )
 )
 from sakila.actor;

In order, the tree should be built like this:

=over

=item *

See row 1.

=item *

See row 2.  It's a higher id than 1, so it's a subquery, along with every other
row whose id is greater than 2.

=item *

Inside this scope, see 2 and 2 and JOIN them.  See 4.  It's a higher id than 2,
so it's again a subquery; recurse.  After that, see 3, which is also higher;
recurse.

=back

But the only reason the nested subquery didn't include select 3 is because
select 4 came first.  In other words, if EXPLAIN looked like this,

I would be forced to assume upon seeing select 3 that select 4 is a subquery
of it, rather than just being the next sibling in the enclosing scope.  If this
is ever wrong, then the algorithm is wrong, and I don't see what could be done
about it.

UNION is a little more complicated than just "the entire scope is a UNION,"
because the UNION might itself be inside an enclosing scope that's only
indicated by the first item inside the UNION.  There are only three kinds of
enclosing scopes: UNION, DERIVED, and SUBQUERY.  A UNION can't enclose a UNION,
and a DERIVED has its own "scope markers," but a SUBQUERY can wholly enclose a
UNION, like this strange example on the empty table t1:

explain select * from t1 where not exists(
    (select t11.i from t1 t11) union (select t12.i from t1 t12));

The UNION's backward references might make it look like the UNION encloses the
subquery, but studying the query makes it clear this isn't the case.  So when a
UNION's first row says SUBQUERY, it is this special case.

By the way, I don't fully understand this query plan; there are 4 numbered
SELECT in the plan, but only 3 in the query.  The parens around the UNIONs are
meaningful.  Removing them will make the EXPLAIN different.  Please tell me how
and why this works if you know.

Armed with this knowledge, it's possible to use recursion to turn the
parent-child relationship between all the rows into a tree representing the
execution plan.

MySQL prints the rows in execution order, even the forward and backward
references.  At any given scope, the rows are processed as a left-deep tree.
MySQL does not do "bushy" execution plans.  It begins with a table, finds a
matching row in the next table, and continues till the last table, when it emits
a row.  When it runs out, it backtracks till it can find the next row and
repeats.  There are subtleties of course, but this is the basic plan.  This is
why MySQL transforms all RIGHT OUTER JOINs into LEFT OUTER JOINs and cannot do
FULL OUTER JOIN.

This means in any given scope, say

| id   | select_type  | table      |
 |  1   | SIMPLE       | tbl1       |
 |  1   | SIMPLE       | tbl2       |
 |  1   | SIMPLE       | tbl3       |

The execution plan looks like a depth-first traversal of this tree:

JOIN
      /    \
    JOIN  tbl3
   /    \
 tbl1   tbl2

The JOIN might not be a JOIN.  It might be a subquery, for example.  This comes
from the type column of EXPLAIN.  The documentation says this is a "join type,"
but I think "access type" is more accurate, because it's "how MySQL accesses
rows."

pt-visual-explain decorates the tree significantly more than just turning
rows into nodes.  Each node may get a series of transformations that turn it
into a subtree of more than one node.  For example, an index scan not marked
with 'Using index' must do a bookmark lookup into the table rows; that is a
three-node subtree.  However, after the above node-ordering and scoping stuff,
the rest of the process is pretty simple.

=head1 OPTIONS

This tool accepts additional command-line arguments.  Refer to the
L<"SYNOPSIS"> and usage information for details.

=over

=item --ask-pass

Prompt for a password when connecting to MySQL.

=item --charset

short form: -A; type: string

Default character set.  If the value is utf8, sets Perl's binmode on
STDOUT to utf8, passes the mysql_enable_utf8 option to DBD::mysql, and
runs SET NAMES UTF8 after connecting to MySQL.  Any other value sets
binmode on STDOUT without the utf8 layer, and runs SET NAMES after
connecting to MySQL.

=item --clustered-pk

Assume that PRIMARY KEY index accesses don't need to do a bookmark lookup to
retrieve rows.  This is the case for InnoDB.

=item --config

type: Array

Read this comma-separated list of config files; if specified, this must be the
first option on the command line.

=item --connect

Treat input as a query, and obtain EXPLAIN output by connecting to a MySQL
instance and running EXPLAIN on the query.  When this option is given,
pt-visual-explain uses the other connection-specific options such as
L<"--user"> to connect to the MySQL instance.  If you have a .my.cnf file,
it will read it, so you may not need to specify any connection-specific
options.

=item --database

short form: -D; type: string

Connect to this database.

=item --defaults-file

short form: -F; type: string

Only read mysql options from the given file.  You must give an absolute
pathname.

=item --format

type: string; default: tree

Set output format.

The default is a terse pretty-printed tree. The valid values are:

Value  Meaning
 =====  ================================================
 tree   Pretty-printed terse tree.
 dump   Data::Dumper output (see Data::Dumper for more).

=item --help

Show help and exit.

=item --host

short form: -h; type: string

Connect to host.

=item --password

short form: -p; type: string

Password to use when connecting.
If password contains commas they must be escaped with a backslash: "exam\,ple"

=item --pid

type: string

Create the given PID file.  The tool won't start if the PID file already
exists and the PID it contains is different than the current PID.  However,
if the PID file exists and the PID it contains is no longer running, the
tool will overwrite the PID file with the current PID.  The PID file is
removed automatically when the tool exits.

=item --port

short form: -P; type: int

Port number to use for connection.

=item --set-vars

type: Array

Set the MySQL variables in this comma-separated list of C<variable=value> pairs.

By default, the tool sets:

=for comment ignore-pt-internal-value
MAGIC_set_vars

wait_timeout=10000

Variables specified on the command line override these defaults.  For
example, specifying C<--set-vars wait_timeout=500> overrides the defaultvalue of C<10000>.

The tool prints a warning and continues if a variable cannot be set.

=item --socket

short form: -S; type: string

Socket file to use for connection.

=item --user

short form: -u; type: string

User for login if not current user.

=item --version

Show version and exit.

=back

=head1 DSN OPTIONS

These DSN options are used to create a DSN.  Each option is given like
C<option=value>.  The options are case-sensitive, so P and p are not the
same option.  There cannot be whitespace before or after the C<=> and
if the value contains whitespace it must be quoted.  DSN options are
comma-separated.  See the L<percona-toolkit> manpage for full details.

=over

=item * A

dsn: charset; copy: yes

Default character set.

=item * D

dsn: database; copy: yes

Default database.

=item * F

dsn: mysql_read_default_file; copy: yes

Only read default options from the given file

=item * h

dsn: host; copy: yes

Connect to host.

=item * p

dsn: password; copy: yes

Password to use when connecting.
If password contains commas they must be escaped with a backslash: "exam\,ple"

=item * P

dsn: port; copy: yes

Port number to use for connection.

=item * S

dsn: mysql_socket; copy: yes

Socket file to use for connection.

=item * u

dsn: user; copy: yes

User for login if not current user.

=back

=head1 ENVIRONMENT

The environment variable C<PTDEBUG> enables verbose debugging output to STDERR.
To enable debugging and capture all output to a file, run the tool like:

PTDEBUG=1 pt-visual-explain ... > FILE 2>&1

Be careful: debugging output is voluminous and can generate several megabytes
of output.

=head1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

You need Perl, DBI, DBD::mysql, and some core packages that ought to be
installed in any reasonably new version of Perl.

=head1 BUGS

For a list of known bugs, see L<http://www.percona.com/bugs/pt-visual-explain>.

Please report bugs at L<https://bugs.launchpad.net/percona-toolkit>.
Include the following information in your bug report:

=over

=item * Complete command-line used to run the tool

=item * Tool L<"--version">

=item * MySQL version of all servers involved

=item * Output from the tool including STDERR

=item * Input files (log/dump/config files, etc.)

=back

If possible, include debugging output by running the tool with C<PTDEBUG>;
see L<"ENVIRONMENT">.

=head1 DOWNLOADING

Visit L<http://www.percona.com/software/percona-toolkit/> to download the
latest release of Percona Toolkit.  Or, get the latest release from the
command line:

wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.tar.gz

wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.rpm

wget percona.com/get/percona-toolkit.deb

You can also get individual tools from the latest release:

wget percona.com/get/TOOL

Replace C<TOOL> with the name of any tool.

=head1 AUTHORS

Baron Schwartz

=head1 ABOUT PERCONA TOOLKIT

This tool is part of Percona Toolkit, a collection of advanced command-line
tools for MySQL developed by Percona.  Percona Toolkit was forked from two
projects in June, 2011: Maatkit and Aspersa.  Those projects were created by
Baron Schwartz and primarily developed by him and Daniel Nichter.  Visit
L<http://www.percona.com/software/> to learn about other free, open-source
software from Percona.

=head1 COPYRIGHT, LICENSE, AND WARRANTY

This program is copyright 2011-2015 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates,
2007-2011 Baron Schwartz.

THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation, version 2; OR the Perl Artistic License.  On UNIX and similar
systems, you can issue `man perlgpl' or `man perlartistic' to read these
licenses.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple
Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA.

=head1 VERSION

pt-visual-explain 2.2.16

=cut

${this.title}

Code Editor : pt-visual-explain